Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active
and produces too much thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is a condition
in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little
thyroid hormones.
E. Prevention
E.2. Antioxidants and phytochemical to prevent Hypothyroidism
1. Iodine
There is a report of the Japanese experience may indicate a protective
effect against breast cancer for an iodine rich seaweed containing diet.
Similarly thyroid autoimmunity may also be associated with improved
prognosis. Whether this phenomenon is breast specific and its possible
relationship to iodine or selenium status awaits resolution(50).
2. Resveratrol
In the study of resveratrol, the main ingredient found in skin and seed
of grape and its impact on aging and thyroid function, showed that
resveratrol is believed to regulate several biological processes, mainly
metabolism and aging, by modulating the mammalian silent information
regulator 1 (SIRT1) of the sirtuin family. Resveratrol may arrest, among
various tumors, cell growth in both papillary and follicular thyroid
cancer by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
signal transduction pathway as well as increase of p53 and its
phosphorylation. Finally, resveratrol also influences thyroid function
by enhancing iodide trapping and, by increasing TSH secretion via
activation of sirtuins and the phosphatidylinositol- 4-phosphate 5
kinase γ (PIP5Kγ) pathway, positively affects metabolism(51)
3. Polyphenolic flavonoids
In the comparison of the efficacy of polyphenolic flavonoids found in
black and green tea in thyroid function, showed that green tea extract
at 2.5 g% and 5.0 g% doses and black tea extract only at 5.0 g% dose
have the potential to alter the thyroid gland physiology and
architecture, that is, enlargement of thyroid gland as well as
hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles and inhibition
of the activity of thyroid peroxidase and 5(‘)-deiodinase I with
elevated thyroidal Na+, K+-ATPase activity along with significant
decrease in serum T3 and T4, and a parallel increase in serum thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH)(52)
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17933284
(50) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14757962
(51) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21946130
(52) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20801949
(52a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23801264
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