Thyroid disease is defined as a condition of malfunction of thyroid.
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland is over active
and produces too much thyroid hormones. Hypothyroidism is a condition
in which the thyroid gland is under active and produces very little
thyroid hormones.
F. Treatments
F.2. In Herbal medicine perspective
1. Echinacea
a. Immune modulator
In the observation of ethanolic extract of fresh Echinacea purpurea and
the changes in cytokine production in blood samples from 30 volunteers
before and during 8-day oral administration found that Echinaforce
regulates the production of chemokines and cytokines according to
current immune status, such as responsiveness to exogenous stimuli,
susceptibility to viral infection and exposure to stress, according to
the study of “Effects of Echinaforce® treatment on ex vivo-stimulated
blood cells” by Ritchie MR, Gertsch J, Klein P, Schoop R.(55)
b. Anxiety
In the evaluation of five different extract from Echinacea
preparationsand it effects on anxiety found that three of these
decreased anxiety but two of them had a very narrow effective dose
range. Only one extract decreased anxiety within a wide dose-range (3-8
mg/kg). Anxiolytic effects were consistently seen in three different
tests of anxiety, the elevated plus-maze, social interaction and
shock-induced social avoidance tests. No locomotor suppressant effects
were seen at any dose, according to “The effect of Echinacea
preparations in three laboratory tests of anxiety: comparison with
chlordiazepoxide” by Haller J, Hohmann J, Freund TF(56).
2. Ashwagandha
Ashwagandha also known as Withania somnifera is a nightshape plant in
the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the
dry parts of India, North Africa, Middle East, and the Mediterranean.
It has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine
over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles,
memory loss and ulcers and considered as anti-stress,
cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging herbal
medicine.
Ashwagandha can enhances immune function by increasing immunoglobulin
production and regulating antibody production by augmenting both Th1 and
Th2 cytokine production, according to the study of “A comparison of the
immunostimulatory effects of the medicinal herbs Echinacea, Ashwagandha
and Brahmi” by Yamada K, Hung P, Park TK, Park PJ, Lim BO., posted in
PubMed(57).
3. Fucus vesiculosus
Fucus vesiculosus is also known as Bladderwrack is a source of iodine,
discovered in 1811, and was used extensively to treat goitre, a swelling
of the thyroid gland related to iodine deficiency.used for thyroid
disorders including underactive thyroid (myxedema), over-sized thyroid
gland. According to the study by Unidad de Salud Mental Hospital de
Laredo, Fucus vesiculosus is a marine alga rich in iodine, which is
being used in alternative medicine as a laxative, diuretic, and as a
complement for weight loss diets. Fucus vesiculosus may cause
hyperthyroidism given its high iodine content. Herbal preparations
should be taken in account when treating a patient due to the
possibility of adverse effects and interactions with other drugs(57a)
4. Kelp
In the study of the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in relation to
iodine intake in adults (n = 1061) in five coastal areas of Japan that
produce iodine-rich seaweed (kelp), found that
indicate that 1) the prevalence of hypothyroidism in iodine sufficient
areas may be associated with the amount of iodine ingested; 2)
hypothyroidism is more prevalent and marked in subjects consuming
further excessive amounts of iodine; and 3) excessive intake of iodine
should be considered an etiology of hypothyroidism in addition to
chronic thyroiditis in these areas(58).
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Sources
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17933284
(55) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21726792
(56) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21031616
(57) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21619924
(57a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22127913
(58) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8106628
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