Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a disease associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at the most advanced stage.
In other words, if an HIV-infected person has a CD4, the glycoprotein found on the surface of immune cells counts less than 200 cells/mm3, he/she is considered to have developed AIDS.
AIDS is caused by the infection of HIV. However, most HIV-infected patients are HIV carriers.
The most common risk factors associated with HIV infection are contact with body fluids such as infected blood, milk coming from a mother who carries the HIV, vaginal or anal sex, sharing drugs needles, and oral sex.
Believe it or not, HIV cannot live outside the human body for long because the virus needs body fluid to survive.
According to the statistics, approximately, 1.1 million people in the US are living with HIV, including 15% of those who don't know they are infected. Only half of the patients half are virally suppressed.
In 2016, 39,782 cases of new HIV were diagnosed.
Some researcher's sexual behavior of a person may have a strong impact on increasing the risk of HIV injection. More precisely,
Dr. Molly S. Rosenberg, the lead scientist wrote, "HIV prevalence was very high among HAALSI participants (23%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 21 to 24), with no sex differences. Recent sexual activity was common (56%, 95% CI: 55 to 58) across all HIV status categories. Condom use was low among HIV-negative adults (15%, 95% CI: 14 to 17), higher among HIV-positive adults who were unaware of their HIV status (27%, 95% CI: 22 to 33), and dramatically higher among HIV-positive adults who were aware of their status (75%, 95% CI: 70 to 80). Casual sex and multiple partnerships were reported at moderate levels, with slightly higher estimates among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative adults".
And, "Older HIV-positive adults in an HIV hyperendemic community of rural South Africa report sexual behaviors consistent with high HIV transmission risk. Older HIV-negative adults report sexual behaviors consistent with high HIV acquisition risk".
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as an anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and for the treatment of treat flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations, etc.
With an aim to find a natural compound for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, researchers examined the immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa L., purple sweet potato, and mixtures of the two (CPM) in an animal model.
The study included selected C57BL/6 mice infected with LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus (MuLV), randomly divided into seven groups as follows:
* Normal control,
* Infected control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection),
* Positive control (LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of red ginseng 300 mg/kg body weight),
* The original powder of C. longa L. (C; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of C 189 mg/kg body weight),
* The original powder of purple sweet potato (P; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+dietary supplement of P 1811 mg/kg body weight), CPM Low (CPL; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+CPM 2 g/kg body weight), and
* CPM High (CPH; LP-BM5 MuLV infection+CPM 5 g/kg body weight). Dietary supplementation lasted for 12 weeks.
According to the tested assays, dietary supplementation of CPM inhibited LP-BM5 MuLV-induced lymphadenopathy, an inflammatory disease of the lymph nodes, and splenomegaly, a condition of abnormal enlargement of the spleen.
Furthermore, CPM also enhances the immune function in recognizing invasive and foreign viruses, which may weaken the immune system to initiate the onset of infection.
In other words, CPM enhanced the immune function against the progression of MuLV.
More precisely, CPM reduced the decrease in T- and B cell proliferation reduced the population of CD4(+)/CD8(+) T cells, and inhibited the unbalanced production of T helper-1 (Th1)/T helper-2 (Th2) cytokines in LP-BM5 MuLV-infected mice.
Moreover, the immune function also was exhibited by the injection of CPM observed by the supplement immune-modulatory activity, including the inhibition of the reduction of phagocytosis in peritoneal macrophages and decreased serum levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and immunoglobulin G (IgG).
Based on the results, researchers after taking other factors into account wrote, "CPM had a positive effect on immunomodulation in C57BL/6 mice induced by LP-BM5 leukemia retrovirus infection".
Taken altogether, turmeric used alone or combined with other herbal medicines may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of turmeric in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) The Effects of Curcuma longa L., Purple Sweet Potato, and Mixtures of the Two on Immunomodulation in C57BL/6J Mice Infected with LP-BM5 Murine Leukemia Retrovirus by Park SJ1, Lee D1, Lee M1, Kwon HO2, Kim H3, Park J4, Jeon W4, Cha M5, Jun S5, Park K5, Lee J. (PubMed)
(2) Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin in allergy by Kurup VP1, Barrios CS. (PubMed)
(3) Sexual Behaviors and HIV Status: A Population-Based Study Among Older Adults in Rural South Africa by Molly S. Rosenberg, MPH, PhD,
*† Francesc X. Gómez-Olivé, MSc, MD, PhD,†‡§ Julia K. Rohr, MPH, PhD,† Brian C. Houle, MPH, PhD,‡‖ Chodziwadziwa W. Kabudula, Msc,‡§¶Ryan G. Wagner, MSc, PhD,‡§ Joshua A. Salomon, PhD,# Kathleen Kahn, MD, MPH, PhD,‡§**Lisa F. Berkman, MS, PhD,†‡#††‡‡ Stephen M. Tollman, MD, MPH, PhD,‡§** andTill Bärnighausen, MD, MSc, ScD. (PMC)
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