A cataract is a condition with a decrease in vision, caused by the clouding of the lens in the eye found mostly in older adults. Eye injuries, inflammation, and some other eye diseases are also found to initiate the condition.
According to the statistics provided by the World Health Organization, 51% of world blindness, which represents about 20 million people (2010) worldwide are the result of a cataract. The condition can be reversed by surgery.
Aging cataracts can be classified into 3 primary types, including
* Nuclear sclerotic cataracts
It is the most common type of cataract in the elderly caused by the gradual clouding of the central portion of the lens.
* Cortical cataracts
It is a type of cloudiness that develops in the lens cortex outside the edge of the lens.
* Posterior subcapsular cataracts
It is a type of cataract that begins with a cloudy area on the back surface of the lens.
Epidemiological studies suggested that people who are smokers, have occupations associated with ultraviolet light exposure, diabetes mellitus, and are overweight are susceptible to a higher risk of the disease.
However, some researchers suggested that the widespread cataract in the aging population over the past few decades may be associated with the promotion of a high-fat diet.
Dr. Chung-Jung Chiu, the lead scientist said, "Two major dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis and named Oriental and Western patterns. The Oriental pattern was characterized by a higher intake of vegetables, legumes, fruit, whole grains, tomatoes, and seafood. The Western pattern was characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy products, French fries, refined grains, and eggs".
And, "Our data indicate that consuming a Western dietary pattern is significantly associated with increased odds of early nuclear opacity".
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) or ginger root, the second superfood used for thousands of years by mankind, is the genus Zingiber, belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to Tamil.
The root has been used in traditional and Chinese medicine for the treatment of dyspepsia, gastroparesis, constipation, edema, difficult urination, colic, etc.
Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of diabetic cataracts caused by advanced glycation end products (AGE) examined ginger anti-AGE activity.
The study included diabetes Wistar-NIN rats induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) and the control rats received vehicle alone.
In diabetic rats, a set of diabetic animals was given the AIN-93 diet, and another set was given either 0.5 or 3% ginger in their diet for a period of two months.
According to the tested assays, ginger not only delayed the onset but also the progression of cataracts in rats.
Ginger significantly inhibited the formation of various AGE products including carboxymethyl lysine in the eye lens.
Furthermore, the injection of ginger also inhibited the hyperglycemia-induced osmotic stress in the lens.
The results suggested ginger protects the eye against cataracts in rats through a number of mechanisms involved in the development of several pathophysiologies, including diabetic cataracts.
Dr. Saraswat M, the lead scientist wrote at the end of the study, "The results indicated that ginger was effective against the development of diabetic cataract in rats mainly through its antiglycation potential and to a lesser extent by inhibition of the polyol pathway".
Moreover, in the study of oxidative stress and aldose reductase-induced diabetic complications, researchers analyzed the protective effect against diabetic eye complications of purple waxy corn and ginger.
The study included streptozotocin-induced diabetics with blood glucose levels >250 mg·dL(-1) orally given the extract at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg·BW(-1) for 10 weeks.
All doses of PWCG showed significant inhibition of decreased lens opacity, the levels of oxidative stress Malondialdehyde (MDA), and anti-reflective coating (AR) in the lens of diabetic rats.
PWCG also improved the antioxidant profile in the treated rats.
Most importantly, the anti-retinopathy property of the combined extract was also confirmed by the increased number of neurons in the ganglion cell layer and the thickness of the total retina and retinal nuclear layer in diabetic rats.
Dr. Thiraphatthanavong P, the lead researcher said, "PWCG is the potential functional food to protect against diabetic cataracts and retinopathy. However, further studies concerning toxicity and clinical trials are still essential".
Taken together, ginger processed with a high amount of bioactive compounds may be considered a functional alternative for the prevention and treatment of cataracts, pending the confirmation of a large sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Antiglycating potential of Zingiber officinalis and delay of diabetic cataract in rats by Saraswat M1, Suryanarayana P, Reddy PY, Patil MA, Balakrishna N, Reddy GB. (PubMed)
(2) The combined extract of purple waxy corn and ginger prevents cataractogenesis and retinopathy in streptozotocin-diabetic rats by Thiraphatthanavong P1, Wattanathorn J2, Muchimapura S2, Thukham-mee W2, Lertrat K3, Suriharn B. (PubMed)
(3) American Major Dietary Patterns and Age-related Cataracts by Chung-Jung Chiu, Gary Gensler, and Allen Taylor. (FASEB Journal)
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