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Sunday, 19 July 2020

Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Protects the Liver Against Oxidative Stress,

By Kyle J. Norton

The liver is the largest internal organ found in the human which plays an essential role in filtering the blood from the digestive system before passing them to other parts of the body.

The liver also produces cholesterol, a waxy substance which aids digestion, builds cell membranes and produces vitamin D and steroid hormones.

Liver disease is a class of medical conditions characterized by the reducing partly or completely the function of the liver, including liver failure.

Oxidative stress is a condition caused by an imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

In other words, oxidative stress is either caused by overexpression of free radical or depletion of antioxidant enzymes in the body.

Some researchers suggested that oxidative stress may also arise due to the chain reaction of free radicals in which free radicals donate or intercept an electron from other stable molecules.

Long-term oxidative stress presented in the body can cause protein and lipid damage and alternation of cell DNA, leading to the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

More precisely, exogenous factors, such as cigarette smoke, and endogenous factors, such as the oxidative burst from activated macrophages are some of the factors involved in the risk of oxidative stress.

Liver oxidative stress is a condition associated with overexpression of free radicals compared to those of antioxidant enzymes, observed by high levels of liver oxidative stress markers.

Dandelion is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Taraxacum, belongings to the family Asteraceae, native to temperate regions of the world. It has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat gout, eczema, acne, gall bladder, kidney, liver and urinary disorders, hypoglycemia, dyspepsia with constipation, edema, blood pressure, and heart weakness, chronic joint, skin diseases, etc.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress scientists examined the protective effects of Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcoholic liver damage in HepG2/2E1 cells and ICR mice.

According to the tested differentiation
* 300 mM ethanol in vitro, showed an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and a 39% decrease in the cell viability.

* In 300 mM ethanol injection mice, the application of hot water extract (TOH) from T. officinale root restore all the changes of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the liver, compared no effects of ethanol-extract (TOE).

* In mice alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity, TOH (1 g/kg bw/day) with ethanol injection exerted a liver
protective effect against liver toxicity observed by the decreasing of liver stress markers such as serum of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase,...

* Mice treated by ethanol plus TOH showed a strong improvement of the levels of the liver antioxidants such as catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione.


Based on the results, researchers suggest, " the amelioration of malondialdehyde levels indicated TOH's protective effects against liver damage mediated by alcohol in vivo. These results suggest that the aqueous extract of T. officinale root has protective action against alcohol-induced toxicity in the liver by elevating antioxidative potentials and decreasing lipid peroxidation".


Taken altogether, Dandelion may be considered a liver protective remedy, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) In vitro and in vivo hepatoprotective effects of the aqueous extract from Taraxacum officinale (dandelion) root against alcohol-induced oxidative stress by You Y1, Yoo S, Yoon HG, Park J, Lee YH, Kim S, Oh KT, Lee J, Cho HY, Jun W. (PubMed)

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