Kyle J. Norton
Epidemically, increased incidence
and prevalence of overweight and obesity over 3 decades in the develop
world now has spread to South East Asian population, due to over 20 years of
economic prosperity causes of lifestyle changes in populations with very
different initial habits. Suggestions of reduced fat intake less than
30% of total calories with a low
proportion of saturated fat with high in fiber from predominantly
low-glycaemic-index-carbohydrate foods is recommended. Calorie intake
should be distributed between several meals
per day with restricted intake of snacks and drinks(1)(2).
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome is defined as endocrinologic diseases
caused by undeveloped follicles clumping on the ovaries interfered
with the function of the normal ovaries, resulting in enlarged
ovaries, hormone imbalance( excessive androgen), male pattern hair development, acne, irregular period or absence of
period, weight gain and infertility. The syndrome effects over 5% of
women population.
1. Turmeric
Turmeric is a perennial plant in the genus Curcuma,
belonging to the family Zingiberaceae, native to tropical South Asia.
The herb has been used in traditional medicine as anti-oxidant,
hypoglycemic, colorant, antiseptic, wound healing agent, and to treat
flatulence, bloating, and appetite loss, ulcers, eczema, inflammations,
etc.
Berberine (BBR), a major chemical constituents found abundantly in
turmeric and plants such as goldenseal exerted its effect in improving
some of the metabolic and hormonal derangements in a group of treated
Chinese women with PCOS(3).
2. Korean red ginseng
Ginseng
Asia is also known as Panax ginseng. Since it has been grown in the
cold places in the Asian, Asian ginseng is considered as yang promoting,
according to traditional Chinese medicine.
Korean red ginseng extract (KRGE) in the experiment in PCOs induced rat,
using the long-acting compound estradiol valerate (EV), regulated
sympathetic nerve activity by significantly lower expression of NGF
protein (involved in the growth of peripheral nerve cells) and NGF mRNA(the form of RNA that carries information from DNA)
involved in the abnormal process caused by steroid-induced PCO(4).
Also, in the experiment of Ginseng total saponins (GTS) involved
polycystic ovaries induced by a single intramuscular injection of 4 mg
estradiol valerate (EV) in rats, GTS decreased the expression of NGF in
ovary tissue(5).
3. Aloe vera
Aloe
Vera is species of succulent plant in the genus Aloe, belonging to the
Family Xanthorrhoeaceae, native to Sudan. It has become very popular for
commercial cultivation due to its health benefits. Aloe vera has been
used in herbal medicine in treating many kinds of disease, including
wound, burn healing, minor skin infections, sebaceous cysts, diabetes,
and elevated of cholesterol, etc. It is also one of many popular herb
studied in scientific ways with some conflicted results.
Aloe vera gel (AVG) exhibited significant reduction in plasma triglyceride and LDL
cholesterol levels, with an increase in HDL cholesterol and reversion of abnormal estrous cyclicity, glucose
intolerance, and lipid metabolizing enzyme activities, to
normal in PCOS induced in Charles Foster female rats(6). On Letrozole induced polycystic ovarian, Aloe vera gel formulation exerted a protective effect against the PCOS phenotype by restoring the ovarian steroid status, and altering key production of steroids activity(7).
4. Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan
Shen)
Dan Shen is also known as Red Sage Root. The
bitter and slightly cold herb has been used in TCM as antithrombotic,
antihypertonic (lowering blood pressure), antimicrobial, antipyretic,
anti-inflammatory, sedative agent and to treat dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea,
palpable tumors, angina,restlessness, insomnia, irritability, etc., by
enhancing the functions of heart and liver.
Cryptotanshinone, isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza, in the experiment
involved prenatally androgenized (PNA) rats as a model of polycystic
ovary syndrome, improved estrous cycles, reduced 17-hydroxyprogesterone,
androstenedione, testosterone, glucose, insulin levels, and lowered AUC-Glu(Measurements were made of the area under the curve of glucose by intravenous glucose tolerance test) and HOMA-IR( a method used to quantify insulin resistance and beta-cell function)(8).
5. Chamomile
Chamomile is
also known as camomile, common name of many species daisy-like plants
in the family Asteraceae. The herb has been used in traditional medicine
as antispasmodic and anti-inflammatory constituents and for treatments
of menstrual cramps and sleep disorders, reduce cramping and spastic
pain
in the bowels, relieve excessive gas and bloating in the intestine, etc.
Intraperitoneal injections of Chamomile alcoholic-extract for ten days in the testing on the biochemical and clinical parameters in a rat model of PCOS not only induced recovery from a PCO induced state in rats, but also increased dominant follicles and better endometrial tissue arrangements(9).
6. Spearmint tea
Spearmint tea is a species of Mint belonging to the Lamiaceae, native to
Europe and southwest Asia. The herb has been used in folk medicine for
treatment of stomach ache.
Spearmint tea
inhibited the production of the levels or activity of androgen hormones
in the human body may be considered as a natural agent for PCOs.(10).
In Hirsutism polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), drinking spearmint tea twice
a day for a 1 month period, showed the significantly reduce total
testosterone levels, due to the inhibition of androgen
properties(11). In other study of polycystic ovary syndrome and
idiopathic hirsutism, steep Spearmint tea for 5 days twice a day in the
follicular phase of their menstrual cycles significant decreased in free
testosterone and increased in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating
hormone and estradiol(12).
8. Licorice
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice root. The sweet and neutral
herb has been used in TCM as anti allergy, anti inflammation, anti
ulcer, anti convulsion and to treat stomach weakness, tired and lack of
strength, palpitation and short of breath, cough with abundance of
phlegm, stomach and solar plexus pain, etc., as it tonifies the Spleen,
benefits the Qi, moistens the Lungs, calms cough, deaf or acute pain,
by enhancing all 12 channels. Combination of licorice
and 100 mg spironolactone showed the activation of the
renin-aldosterone system in lowering blood pressure and water (fluid)
balance. These result showed licorice may
be a potent agent for reducing the prevalence of side effects related
to the diuretic activity of spironolactone(13). In model rats
experiment, Ganshao Paste (CGP), showed the decrease of serum levels of
LH, T, and FSH and increase of serum estradiol (E2), and progesterone
(P)(14).
9. HemoHIM
HemoHIM is a herbal formula containing three edible herbs, Angelica
Radix, Cnidium Rhizoma and Paeonia Radix approved by Korean FDA as
health functional supplement assisting functions of the immune system.
In adult cycling rats, administered orally (100 mg/kg of body
weight/day) for 35 consecutive days or injected intraperitoneally (50
mg/kg of body weight) every other day after EV injection, the formula
lowered the high numbers of antral follicles and increased the number of
corpora lutea, normalized Ovarian morphology and the expression of
nerve growth factor (NGF) in PCOs(15)
Epidemiological studies, linking many herbs such as, Green tea, Milk thistle,
Rosemary, Bupleurum, barberry and Schizandra in relieving symptoms
of PCOs, preventing further disease and promoting the body to heal itself
have produced unfavorable results. Prevention and
treatment of PCOs of herbal medicine will not be accomplished without
accompanying healthy diet, life style and weight loss.
Ovarian Cysts And PCOS Elimination
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References
(1) Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): pointers for nutritional management by Farshchi H, Rane A, Love A, Kennedy RL(PubMed)
(2) The optimal diet for women with polycystic ovary syndrome? by Marsh K, Brand-Miller J.(PubMed)
(3) A clinical study on the short-term effect of berberine in comparison
to metformin on the metabolic characteristics of women with polycystic ovary syndrome by Wei W, Zhao H, Wang A, Sui M, Liang K, Deng H, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Guan Y.(PubMed).
(4) Effect of Korean red ginseng extract in a steroid-induced polycystic
ovary murine model by Pak SC, Kim SE, Oh DM, Shim KM, Jeong MJ, Lim SC,
Nah SY, Park SH, Kang SS, Moon CJ, Kim JC, Kim SH, Bae CS.(PubMed)
(5) [Effects of ginseng total saponins on nerve growth factor expression
in rat with estradiol valerate-induced polycystic ovaries].[Article in
Chinese] by Kuang HY, Shao H, Hou LH, Wu XK.(PubMed)
(6) Aloe barbadensis Mill. formulation
restores lipid profile to normal in a letrozole-induced polycystic
ovarian syndrome rat model by Desai BN, Maharjan RH, Nampoothiri LP.(PubMed)
(7) Effect of Aloe barbadensis Mill.
formulation on Letrozole induced polycystic ovarian syndrome rat model
by Maharjan R, Nagar PS, Nampoothiri L.(PubMed)
(8) Cryptotanshinone
reverses reproductive and metabolic disturbances in prenatally
androgenized rats via regulation of ovarian signaling mechanisms and
androgen synthesis , , , , , , , Elisabet Stener-Victorin(American society physiology)
(9)Effects of chamomile
extract on biochemical and clinical parameters in a rat model of
polycystic ovary syndrome by Farideh ZZ, Bagher M, Ashraf A, Akram A,
Kazem M.(PubMed)
(10) An update on plant derived anti-androgens. by Grant P, Ramasamy S.(PubMed)
(11) Spearmint herbal tea has significant anti-androgen effects in polycystic ovarian syndrome. A randomized controlled trial by Grant P.(PubMed)
(12) Effect of spearmint (Mentha spicata Labiatae) teas on androgen levels in women with hirsutism. by Akdoğan M, Tamer MN, Cüre E, Cüre MC, Köroğlu BK, Delibaş N.(PubMed)
(13) Treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome with spironolactone plus licorice by Armanini D, Castello R, Scaroni C, Bonanni G, Faccini G, Pellati D, Bertoldo A, Fiore C, Moghetti P(PubMed)
(14) [Effects of compound ganshao paste on the levels of sex hormones
and hepatic transaminases in polycystic ovarian syndrome rat
model].[Article in Chinese] by Wang YH, Wang HL, Zhang YL.(PubMed)
(15) HemoHIM improves ovarian morphology
and decreases expression of nerve growth factor in rats with
steroid-induced polycystic ovaries by Kim SH, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Moon C,
Kim JC, Bae CS, Park HR, Jung U, Jo SK.(PubMed)
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