Herbal Butterbur and Neuroprotective effects

Butterbur, found in wet, marshy, damp land, including wetland, riverside, forest, etc., is a creeping underground plant, genus Petasites of 15 -20 species, belonging to the family Asteraceae, native to Northern Hemisphere. It has been used in herbal medicne used as an pain reliever in digestive system, including stomach, bile ducts, and duodenum, etc.

Neuroprotective effects are defined of a protection against harmful of the brain and spinal cord

The Ingredients
The chemical constituents of Butterbur include Petioles, petasitene and pethybrene,  quercetin 3-O-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-beta-D-6''-O-acetylglucoside, and rutin, caffeic acid, alkaloids, S-petasin and iso-S-petasin, etc.

The benefits
Bakkenolides is the major chemical costutuent of Petasites trichinous Franch. is examined for its neuroprotective effects in a rat transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model, showed  significantly attenuated cell death and apoptosis in primarily cultured neurons subject to 1-h hypoxia followed by 24-h reoxygenation. Other in the study of the same, also supported the result of  the neuro protective effects of  Bakkenolides of that may be result from its antioxidant properties.
Petaslignolide A (PA), a furfuran lignan isolated from butanol fraction of Petasites japonicus (Sieb. et Zucc.) (Compositae) leaves, on the oxidative damage in the brain of mice, is also a major neuroprotective agent against kainic acid-induced neurotoxicity.

Side effects
1. Butterbur may be liver-toxic to liver and cause cancer due to the presence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids(a)
2. If you are pregnant please do not use Butterbur with out the permission of the related special field specialist
3. Allergic effect to certain people who are allergic to ragweed, marigold, daisy, etc.
4. Overdoses may cause indigestion, headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc.
5. Etc.

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References
(1) Total Bakkenolides Protects Neurons against Cerebral Ischemic Injury through Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-Κb Activation by Jiang Q, Xia Yy EY, Jm HE, Guo Ml EY, Rp LI.(PubMed)
(2) Bakkenolides from Petasites tricholobus and their neuroprotective effects related to antioxidant activities by Wang YL, Li RP, Guo ML, Zhang G, Zhang N, Ma YL.(PubMed)
(3) Protection by petaslignolide A, a major neuroprotective compound in the butanol extract of Petasites japonicus leaves, against oxidative damage in the brains of mice challenged with kainic acid by Cui HS, Kim MR, Sok DE.(PubMed)
 

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