Honey may be the next pharmaceutical target to identify the single ingredient medicine for the treatment of choric inflammatory disease, some scientists suggested.
Inflammation is a natural and systematic response of the immune system in the protection of the body against infection caused by the invasion of stimuli and pathogens.
After sensing the bodily injury or damage, the white blood cells of the immune first line of defense stimulate the production of a blood clot to seal the would quickly and proinflammatory cytokine to the site of infection with an aim to kill off all microorganisms that may cause harm to our body.
In this acute phase of the battle, most of the time is won by the immune system. However, overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines can lead to the death of nearby healthy cells and improper skin healing with the formation of scars.
In some cases, certain proteins with duo anti and proinflammatory functions also can switch to pro-inflammatory cytokines depending on the severity of the infection.
Chronic inflammation is a medical condition that lasts longer than 8 weeks, caused by the inability of the immune system to kill off all the microorganisms that have successfully entered the body during the acute phase of infection.
Some researchers suggested that the evolution of the immune system is to kill off the foreign micro invaders within the time frame of 8 weeks. If not, the immune system will adapt to the change, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, a major cause of many chronic illnesses, including diabetes.
In some instances, chronic inflammation can also be caused by the immune system that mistakenly attacks the bodily tissue.
Dr. Philip Hunter in the study "The inflammation theory of disease" pinpointed the important cause of diseases associated with chronic inflammation, "Maria Abreu's research group at the University of Miami's Miller School of Medicine in the USA found that the incidence of colon cancer was linked directly to the expression of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene".
"TLRs are crucial in alerting the immune system to microbial infection, triggering acute inflammatory responses that clear invading pathogens. However, TLR4 can also maintain chronic inflammation, for example by responding to commensal bacteria in the gut. As such bacteria are constantly replenished through food intake, and therefore cannot be permanently cleared by the immune system, this can lead to persistent chronic infection maintained by TLRs. "
Honey is a miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers.
The rich golden liquid is considered one of the healthy sweet foods for replacing the use of white sugar and artificial sweeteners by many people.
In finding an ingredient or whole food for the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, scientists at Menoufia University examine the honey effects in a rat model of colitis induced by the injection of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).
Application of natural honey showed a strong effect in the prevention of tissue injury and inflammatory infiltration by inhibited proteins associated with the production of proinflammatory cytokine and overexpression of reactive oxygen species.
Further examination of the honey effect, researchers indicated that the honey-treated group had significantly improved macroscopic and microscopic scores and inhibited the apoptotic markers.
At the end of the experiment, researchers said, "The beneficial role of natural honey in the treatment of DSS-induced colitis via the inhibition of colonic motor dysfunction and the inflammatory-oxidative-apoptotic cascade" and "the role of honey in epithelial regeneration was clarified", after taking into account co and confounders.
Moreover, in order to understand the gastroprotective effects of manuka honey against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats, researchers examined the joint studies led by King Abdulaziz University, including 4 of our groups of rats randomly assigned to control, ethanol (ulcer), omeprazole, and manuka honey.
During the study, the Manuka honey-treated group displayed a significantly decreased ulcer index, completely protected the mucosa from lesions, and preserved gastric mucosal glycoprotein.
Manuka honey treated group also showed increased levels of antioxidant enzymes which were suppressed by the injection of ethanol to an induced ulcer.
Manuka honey also decreased gastric mucosal MDA, the oxidative stress marker, and plasma of proinflammatory cytokines.
Dr. Almasaudi SB, the lead scientist wrote in the final report, "Manuka honey likely exerted its antiulcer, effect by keeping enzymatic (GPx and SOD) and non-enzymatic (GSH and NO) antioxidants as well as inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in a reduced form, inhibited lipid peroxidation (MDA), and preserved mucous glycoproteins levels".
Taken together, Manuka honey may be considered a functional food for the prevention of inflammation and combined with the primary medicine for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases with no side effects.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) The dual anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of natural honey promote cell proliferation and neural regeneration in a rat model of colitis by Nooh HZ1, Nour-Eldien NM2.(PubMed)
(2) Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Antiulcer Potential of Manuka Honey against Gastric Ulcer in Rats by Almasaudi SB1, El-Shitany NA2, Abbas AT3, Abdel-dayem UA4, Ali SS5, Al Jaouni SK6, Harakeh S. (PubMed)
(3) Manuka Honey Exerts Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities That Promote Healing of Acetic Acid-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats by Almasaudi SB1, Abbas AT2, Al-Hindi RR1, El-Shitany NA3, Abdel-Dayem UA4, Ali SS5, Saleh RM6, Al Jaouni SK7, Kamal MA8, Harakeh SM. (PubMed)
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