The central system is the complex of nerve tissues including the brain and spinal cord with functions to respond to the integrating sensory information.
Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system in which the macrophages of the first defense stimulate the production of a blood palette to cover the wound in case of injury and production of proinflammatory cytokines to the site of infection to fence off the foreign pathogens.
Inflammation also can be triggered by the immune mistakenly attacking the body tissues in cases of autoimmune disease.
Neuroinflammation is a process of the immune system that responds to harmful pathogens that induce oxidative stress in the brain.
A nerve cell is a brain cell specialized in transmitting nerve impulses.
Neuroinflammation is a medical condition characterized by the inflammation of the central nervous tissues, including the brain and spinal cord.
There many risk factors associated with the onset of neuroinflammation similar to other tissues inflammation, including infection, traumatic brain injury, toxic metabolites, or autoimmunity.
In other words, neuroinflammation is a complex response to brain injury involving the activation of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
Overnutrition in the Western world may be one of the main culprits associated with the widespread neuroinflammation in the aging population.
Neuroinflammatory disease can be acute or chronic. Chronic neuroinflammation that leads to the activation of glial cells and the recruitment of inflammatory cytokines into the brain is found to be associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
Most cases of neuroinflammatory disease are associated with the loss of neuronal structure and function. can be measured by the typical inflammatory markers, including CSF Aβ1-42, tau, and p-tau181, and a panel of 37 neuroinflammatory markers in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Ashwagandha also is known as Withania somnifera is a nightshade plant in the genus of Withania, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to the dry parts of India, North Africa, the Middle East, and the Mediterranean.
The herbal medicine has been considered as Indian ginseng and used in Ayurvedic medicine for over 3000 years to treat tumors and tubercular glands, carbuncles, memory loss, and ulcers and considered as anti-stress, cognition-facilitating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-ageing herbal medicine.
In the urgency to discover a natural ingredient for the prevention of chronic inflammatory diseases, researchers examined the neuroprotective activity of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) against the inflammation associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments induced by systemic LPS administration using an in vivo rat model system.
The study included young adult Wistar strain male albino rats randomized into four groups: (i) Control, (ii) LPS alone, (iii) LPS + ASH-WEX, (iv) ASH-WEX alone.
According to the tested analysis, orally administered ASH-WEX not only significantly suppressed the cognitive and motor-coordination impairments in rats, but also regulated the expression of various proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal cell survival.
In LPS-mediated microglial activation-induced damage to neurons via direct cell to cell contact or through secretion of inflammatory mediators, the application of ASH-WEX and FIV pretreatment restored neurite outgrowth and protect neurons from apoptotic cell death.
In other words, LPS-induced neuroinflammation activated in microglial-conditioned medium-treated neuronal cultures and microglial-neuronal co-culture were significantly demolished by the application of ASH-WEX.
Collectively, researchers said, "ASH-WEX can be used as a promising natural therapeutic remedial for the prevention of neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments associated with peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation".
Taken altogether, Ashwagandha may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of neuroinflammation, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal ameliorates neurodegeneration and cognitive impairments associated with systemic inflammation by Gupta M1, Kaur G. (PubMed)
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