Antioxidants are stable molecules that play an essential role in the inhibition of oxidation caused by free radicals.
Free radicals are unstable and highly reactive molecules with a single electron in the outermost ring. Therefore, in order to maintain stability, free radicals either donate or intercept an electron from other stable molecules, leading to a chain of reaction that can not be stopped until all single electron in the outermost ring is paired or inhibited by antioxidants.
Overexpression of free radicals and reduced production of antioxidant enzymes by the body induce oxidative stress. Over time, oxidative stress can cause protein, lipid, and cell damage, leading to chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes.
There are 2 types of antioxidants. antioxidants enzymes produced by the liver and the dietary sources, including
* Antioxidant enzymes from dietary protein and minerals, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and catalases.
* Antioxidant vitamins found in supplements or daily intake of food. such as vitamins A, C, E, folic acid, and beta-carotene. Most antioxidant vitamins process a free radical scavenging activity.
In other words, they gobble up free radicals before they can cause a chain of reaction.
* Antioxidant phytochemicals are found mostly in the plant's second metabolites including fruits and vegetables, carotenoids, flavonoids, allyl sulfides, and polyphenols.
Believe it or not, in a healthy individual, antioxidants produced by the liver are more than enough to balance the production of free radicals. However, in people with a weakened immune system, intake of antioxidants from dietary sources and supplements may be necessary.
Bromelain, a proteolytic enzyme found in pineapples (Ananas comosus) has been used in traditional medicine as an inflammatory agent and to treat pains, strains, muscle aches and pains and ease back pain and chronic joint pain, skin diseases, etc.
With an aim to find a potential ingredient for the treatment of disease associated with oxidative stress, researchers evaluated the ameliorative efficacy of bacoside A and bromelain on oxidative stress biomarkers in the serum of dichlorvos-intoxicated mice.
The experiment included mice were allocated into six groups. The first group received saline as a vehicle; the second group was administered with dichlorvos (40 mg/kg b.w.); the third group was administered with bromelain (70 mg/kg b.w.), the fourth group received a dose of bacoside A (5 mg/kg b.w.), the fifth group was given concomitant exposure of bacoside A and bromelain both and mice of the sixth group were exposed to bacoside A, bromelain and dichlorvos for 21 days consecutively.
The group treated with dichlorvos showed a significant increase in oxidative stress biomarkers thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protein carbonyl content (PCC).
The results suggested that dichlorvos stimulates the production of free radicals in mice.
Bromelain and dichlorvos treated group showed a strong effect in the inhibition of the free radical expression induced by dichlorvos.
Furthermore, co-administration of bromelain and bacoside A in dichlorvos-exposed mice also displayed a significant effect in reversing the level of CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH (p < 0.05) which was decreased due to the dichlorvos administration.
Based on the findings, researchers said, "Findings of research conclude that concomitant exposure of bacoside A and bromelain was much effective in combating oxidative stress induced by dichlorvos".
Taken together, bromelain may be considered a supplement for the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of bromelain in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Bacoside A and bromelain relieve dichlorvos induced changes in oxidative responses in mice serum by Agarwal S1, Chaudhary B2, Bist R. (PubMed)
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