Kyle J. Norton
Colorectal cancer is a medical condition caused by irregular cell growth that begins at the inner lining of the colon or rectum.
Most cases of colorectal cancers are diagnosed at the later stage due to the tendency of the slow-growing in nature. According to the statistics, only about 39% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage.
Some patients with polyps may not experience colon cancer 20 years later as the gradually enlarging polyps eventually penetrate the bowel wall.
At the advanced stage, primary colon cancer is found to induce secondary metastasis in the liver, lungs, brain, and peritoneum through blood and fluid circulation.
According to the statistics provided by the American Cancer Society, in 2019, approximately,
101,420 new cases of colon cancer and 44,180 new cases of rectal cancer will be diagnosed in the US. Colorectal cancer also will cause the death of 51,020 Americans.
The lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is1 in 22 (4.49%) for men compared to 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.
The 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer diagnosed at the localized stage is 90%. However, if cancer has spread to surrounding tissues or organs or the regional lymph nodes, the 5-year survival rate is 71%.
Out of many factors associated with colorectal cancer risk, some researchers suggested that the prevalence of obesity associated with the promotion of a high-fat diet may be the major culprit that causes the rise of colon cancer in the US.
Dr. O'Neill AM, the lead scientist said, "The increasing worldwide incidence of colon cancer has been linked to the spread of the Western lifestyle and in particular consumption of a high-fat Western diet. In this study, our objectives were to establish mouse models to examine the effects of high-fat Western diet-induced obesity on the growth of human colon cancer tumor xenografts, and to examine potential mechanisms driving obesity-linked human colon cancer tumor growth".
And, "human colon cancer growth is accelerated in animals that are obese and insulin-resistant due to the consumption of an HFWD".
Alliin (S-allyl-L-cysteine-S-oxide) is a phytochemical compound sulfoxide,. a derivative of the amino acid cysteine, belonging to the class of sulfur compounds, found abundantly in fresh garlic and onion.
In the urgency to find a natural compound for the treatment of colorectal cancer, researchers examined the anti-cancer activity of s-allyl-l-cysteine-sulfoxide (SACS)/alliin.
According to the tested assays, SACS showed a higher affinity towards the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR).
In other words, SACS inhibited the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). associated with facilitating cancer cell growth and proliferation.
In order to reveal more information about alliin colonic protective effects, researchers compared the protective efficiency of three garlic powders with increased levels of alliin, obtained from bulbs grown in soils with different levels of sulfur fertilization, against DNA damage.
According to the comet assay, garlic powders were administered to rats for 2 weeks (5% of the diet), DNA damage induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in the colon were also decreased strongly by the three garlic powders.
Interestingly, these decreases were not correlated to the allicin content of the garlic powders.
These results suggested that all compounds in the garlic including alliin worked synergistically to promote the efficacy of the whole food.
Sadly, feeding garlic powders protected the colon cells against DNA damage but did not modify the genotoxic activity of the direct-acting carcinogen methyl nitrosourea in the colon.
Taken altogether, alliin may be considered supplement for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer with no side effects, responding to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.
Intake of alliin in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) EGFR gene regulation in colorectal cancer cells by garlic phytocompounds with special emphasis on S-Allyl-L-Cysteine Sulfoxide by Roy N1, Nazeem PA2, Babu TD3, Abida PS2, Narayanankutty A3, Valsalan R2, Valsala PA2, Raghavamenon AC. (PubMed)
(2) Inhibition of carcinogen-induced DNA damage in rat liver and colon by garlic powders with varying alliin content by Singh V1, Belloir C, Siess MH, Le Bon AM. (PubMed)
(3) High-fat Western diet-induced obesity contributes to increased tumor growth in mouse models of human colon cancer by O'Neill AM1, Burrington CM2, Gillaspie EA3, Lynch DT2, Horsman MJ2, Greene MW. (PubMed)
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