#Hydroethanolic (HME) and #Acetone (AcE) Found in #Tomato Induces Cytotoxicity Against Cancer Cells through Their Antioxidant Activity, Scientists Suggest

Kyle J. Norton

Cytotoxicity is the process of the induction of cell death through toxins.
In other words, cell cytotoxicity is the process to use certain chemicals or mediator cells to destroy living cells.

In normal, cytotoxicity can cause the death of healthy cells

In cancers, cytotoxicity can be beneficial to humans by destroying the cancer cells and preventing them from proliferation.

For example, cytotoxicity induced by oxidative stress due to the imbalanced ratio of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes produced by the body can cause protein, lipid, and cellular damage that leads to chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases and cancer.

However, stimulation of ROS and antioxidants production to induce cytotoxicity to the tumors can also cause cancer cell death without damage to nearby healthy cells.

Dr. Shikha Srivastava, the lead scientist in the evaluation of the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in Quercetin, wrote, "Quercetin interacts with DNA directly, and could be one of the mechanisms for inducing apoptosis in both, cancer cell lines and tumor tissues by activating the intrinsic pathway".


And, " quercetin-induced cytotoxicity in leukemic cells in a dose-dependent manner, while ellagic acid showed only limited toxicity. Besides leukemic cells, quercetin also induced cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells, however, its effect on normal cells was limited or none".

Scientifically, most cases of cancer cells cytotoxicity are associated with the stimulation of proteins and pathways involved in either gene suppression or cell death programming.

Tomato is a red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to the family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

In the urgency to find a natural ingredient that kills cancer without inducing adverse effects, researchers examined the toxicity against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) and the antioxidant activity of hydroethanolic (HME), acetone (AcE), an alkaloid (AE) extracts prepared from the leaves of the tomato plant.

Both HME and AcE extracts showed a significant effect in scavenging •NO (IC50 values ranged from 0.87 ± 0.12 to 1.54 ± 0.23 and from 0.90 ± 0.01 to 2.23 ± 0.14 mg mL-1, respectively), compared to HMEs that only scavenge O2•- showing IC50 values from 0.12 ± ≤0.01 to 0.43 ± 0.08 mg mL-1.


In other words, tomato extracts demonstrated a strong effect against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells (AGS) through their cytotoxicity without causing harm to normal cells through the antioxidant activity.

Furthermore, in the study to assess different varieties of tomato seed extracts potential antioxidant and/or antiproliferative activity, researchers found that San Marzano Rosso seed extract displays the highest free radical-scavenging activity with 68% of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical inhibition.


Moreover, according to the brine shrimp test (LD50: 23,198 ppm), San Marzano Rosso seed extract also demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity against the A375 cell line, compared to other varieties.


Taken altogether, tomato and its leaves may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of cancer, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.


Intake of tomato in the form of a supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Further insights on tomato plant: Cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of leaf extracts in human gastric cells by Figueiredo-González M1, Valentão P1, Pereira DM1, Andrade PB. (PubMed)
(2) Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities investigation of tomato seed extracts by Tommonaro G1, Caporale A, De Martino L, Popolo A, De Prisco R, Nicolaus B, Abbamondi GR, Saturnino C. (PubMed)
(3) Quercetin, a Natural Flavonoid Interacts with DNA, Arrests Cell. Cycle and Causes Tumor Regression by Activating Mitochondrial Pathway of Apoptosis by Shikha Srivastava, Ranganatha R. Somasagara, Mahesh Hegde, Mayilaadumveettil Nishana, Satish Kumar Tadi, Mrinal Srivastava, Bibha Choudhary & Sathees C. Raghavan. (Scientific Report)