#Cranberry Promotes #DigestiveFunction by Improving the Ratio of Gut Microbiota, According to Studies

Kyle J. Norton

Gut microbiota is a complex community with over a trillion microorganisms that live in our digestive tracts.
According to the ESMN, the microbiota can weigh up to 2 kg, including 1/3 of gut microbiota found in most people, compared to 2/3 that are specific to individuals depending on geography, environment, and lifestyle.

In healthy individuals, the ratio of good and bad microorganisms is balanced. In other words, healthy gut microbiota levels maintain the structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract.

A balanced ratio of gut microbiota plays a critical role in the digestion of certain foods that the stomach and small intestine have not been able to digest, in the production of vitamins, improvement of digestive functioning, and modulation of the immune function.


The use of antibiotics has been found to damage the gut ecosystem, leading to certain chronic illnesses such as inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, cancer, and autism.


Unhealthy gut microbiota has been found to
* Decrease the interaction with the immune function against inflammatory immune disorders.

* Increase the risk of gastrointestinal diseases and non-gastrointestinal diseases caused by overexpression of bad bacteria.

* Reduce nutrient extraction from the diet, thus increasing the risk of obesity and obesity complications.

* Increase the risk of controlling brain insulin signaling and metabolite levels that can lead to bad neurobehaviors.

Further, the unbalanced ratio of gut microbiota functions also alters immune homeostasis, leading to the onset of autoimmune disorders which in turn can affect the development of not only intestinal but also systemic autoimmune diseases.

Compared to probiotics, prebiotics is compound in food that induces the growth or activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.

In other definition, it is a special form of dietary fiber that acts as a fertilizer that promotes the growth of good bacteria in your gut.

In the gastrointestinal tract, prebiotics can alter the composition of organisms in the gut microbiome.

In other words, prebiotics raise the levels of healthy bacteria against bad bacteria.

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

In finding a potential compound for the promotion of digestive functioning, researchers examined the effect of cranberries' impact on gut microbiota.

The randomized, double-blind, cross-over, controlled design trial included a total of 11 healthy adults consumed for 5 days each a control diet (animal-based diet (meats, dairy products, and simple sugars) plus 30 g/day placebo powder) and a cranberry diet (animal-based diet plus 30 g/day freeze-dried whole cranberry powder).

According to the tested analysis of the stool, urine, and blood samples, compared to the pre-control diet, the control diet modified 46 taxonomic clades in the gut, including an increase in the abundance of Firmicutes and a decrease in Bacteroidetes and increased bacteria-derived deoxycholic acid and decreased acetate and butyrate in stool

In other words, the control diet induces a significant change in gut microbiotas by favoring the "bad" organisms.

Compared to the post-control diet, the cranberry diet modified 9 taxonomic clades, including a decrease in the abundance of Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes in the flavor of the good organisms in the gut.

Furthermore, cranberry promoted the balancing ratio of gut microbiotas by attenuating control diet-induced increase in secondary bile acids decreasing the short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and increasing urinary anthocyanins and bacterially derived phenolic acids.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "an animal-based diet altered the microbiota composition to a less favorable profile, increased carcinogenic bile acids, and decreased beneficial SCFA. Cranberries attenuated the impact of the animal-based diet on microbiota composition, bile acids, and SCFA, evidencing their capacity to modulate the gut microbiota".

Taken together, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the promotion of gut health, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All rights reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10,000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, Best Before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for Shorty Award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cranberries attenuate animal-based diet-induced changes in microbiota composition and functionality: a randomized crossover controlled feeding trial by Rodríguez-Morató J1, Matthan NR2, Liu J3, de la Torre R4, Chen CO. (PubMed)
(2) Impact of Cranberries on Gut Microbiota and Cardiometabolic Health: Proceedings of the Cranberry Health Research Conference 2015 by Blumberg JB1, Basu A2, Krueger CG3, Lila MA4, Neto CC5, Novotny JA6, Reed JD3, Rodriguez-Mateos A7, Toner CD. (PubMed)
(3) The influence of antibiotics and dietary components on gut microbiota by Ruth K. Dudek-Wicher, Adam Junka, and Marzenna Bartoszewicz. (PMC)