Intake of coffee daily and regularly may be considered a functional beverage in blocking the onset and treating liver fibrosis, some scientist suggested.
Hepatic fibrosis is a condition characterized by overly exuberant wound healing causing excessive connective tissue builds up in the liver. In other words, hepatic fibrosis is a portion of the liver which was affected by scars formation.
The exact causes of liver fibrosis are unknown. However, certain risk factor such as repeated liver injury caused by virus infection, and a blockage in the bile ducts are found to elaborate the onset of liver fibrosis.
Long-term untreated liver fibrosis can lead to cirrhosis, a condition of severe scarring of the liver and life-threatening liver disease.
The most common scale to grade the stage of liver fibrosis is the METAVIR scoring system. By examing the grade and stage of liver fibrosis of patients, their doctors can now determine the degree of severity to which the patient's liver is affected.
The severity of the grades ranges from A0 to A3:
A0: no activity
A1: mild activity
A2: moderate activity
A3: severe activity
and
The severity of fibrosis stages ranges from F0 to F4:
F0: no fibrosis
F1: portal fibrosis without septa
F2: portal fibrosis with few septa
F3: numerous septa without cirrhosis
F4: cirrhosis, the most severe stage of fibrosis
Coffee, the best popular and social beverage worldwide, particularly in the West, is a drink made from roasted beans from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
In the examine 910 patients with chronic HCV infection, 98% male and 38% with advanced hepatic fibrosis, researchers filed the following results
* Intake of coffee is lower in the control group, compared to the advanced fibrosis.
* But caffeine intake of higher than 100 mg or more, daily from all sources was found in controls (66.0%) than patients with advanced fibrosis (57.9%).
* Caffeine intake of controls mostly comes from coffee intake.
* Intake of an average daily of 100 mg or more of caffeine (adjusted odds ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-0.95; P = .020) was associated with the increased liver protective effect.
The result demonstrated that moderate coffee and coffee caffeine intake of 100 mg may have a protective benefit against the risk of advanced hepatic fibrosis.
Additionally, in the study, using the food-frequency instrument for dietary caffeine consumption to evaluate the relationship between caffeine intake and liver fibrosis in patients undergoing liver biopsy completed a detailed caffeine questionnaire on three occasions over a 6-month period, researchers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), reported the results as follow
1. Daily caffeine consumption of 308 mg = approximately 2.25 cups of coffee equivalents was associated with reduced liver fibrosis.
2. The protective association persisted without changing even after taking into account other factors,
3. Compared to coffee caffeine, other sources of caffeine showed an insignificant effect in decreasing the risk of liver fibrosis.
After making the adjustment from all sources, Dr. Modi AA, the lead author said," A reliable tool for measurement of caffeine consumption demonstrated that caffeine consumption, particularly from regular coffee, above a threshold of approximately 2 coffee-cup equivalents per day, was associated with less severe hepatic fibrosis."
Promisingly, in the study of chronic HBV-infected patients who underwent transient elastography examination in 2006-2008, questionnaire returned from among 1045 patients, 216 (20.7%) patients with advanced fibrosis., researchers also found similar results, compared to other studies.
* The percentage of patients who drank ≥ 1 cup of coffee had advanced fibrosis was 95 (19.0%) , compared with 1.21 (22.2%) patients who drank < 1 cup (P = 0.21).
* Caffeine intake does not affect liver stiffness in chronic HBV-infected patients, compared to the coffee intake
Taking together, there is no doubt that coffee intake may have a profound effect in ameliorating the risk of hepatic fibrosis and advanced hepatic fibrosis regardless amount of intake daily.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been referenced in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Coffee and Caffeine Are Associated With Decreased Risk of Advanced Hepatic Fibrosis Among Patients With Hepatitis C by Khalaf N1, White D1, Kanwal F1, Ramsey D1, Mittal S1, Tavakoli-Tabasi S2, Kuzniarek J3, El-Serag HB4. (PubMed)
(2) Increased caffeine consumption is associated with reduced hepatic fibrosis by Modi AA1, Feld JJ, Park Y, Kleiner DE, Everhart JE, Liang TJ, Hoofnagle JH. (PubMed)
(3) The effect of caffeine and alcohol consumption on liver fibrosis - a study of 1045 Asian hepatitis B patients using transient elastography by Ong A1, Wong VW, Wong GL, Chan HL. (PubMed)
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