Lung cancer is a chronic condition characterized by cell growth irregularly and disorderly in the lung tissue.
Most cases of lung cancer caused by the alternation of calls DNA begin in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the lung.
At the advanced stage, the cancer cell from the lung can travel a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs through the circulation of fluid and blood, leading to secondary metastasis.
According to statistics, in 2017, 28,600 Canadians were diagnosed with lung cancer, representing 14% of all new cancer cases. Also in 2017, lung cancer caused the death of 21,100 Canadians.
Smoking although is a major cause of lung cancer, however, not all lung cancer patients with lung cancer are smokers. Nonsmokers' lung cancer may be caused by exposure to radon, secondhand smoke, air pollution, or other factors.
Some researchers suggested that lung cancer in many incidences is associated with oxidative stress as found in advanced lung cancer patients.
Dr. the lead scientist in the examination of the oxidative stress in the risk lung cancer said, "Oxidative stress also plays important roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including aging, degenerative disease, and cancer. Among cancers, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer in the Western world".
And, "Distinct measures of primary and secondary prevention have been investigated to reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by lung cancer. Among them, it seems that physical activity and nutrition have some beneficial effects".
The results clearly suggested that the external sources of dietary antioxidants from the food sources may be helpful in reducing the risk of lung cancer by suppressing the overexpression of free radicals before they can induce oxidative stress.
Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.
The herbal plant has been used as foods and herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, psoriasis, diabetes, etc.
Researchers on finding a replacement for the treatment of lung cancer with no side effects examined the berries' bioactive compound anthocyanidins and its derivative cyanidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and delphinidin anticancer effects.
A mixture, including blueberry, bilberry, and Indian blackberry ('Jamun') was selected to test in two aggressive non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines.
Injection of the mixture exerted a higher induction of cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and suppression of NSCLC cell invasion and migration compared to individual anthocyanidins.
According to tested assays, the mixture inhibited lung cancer cells apoptosis by decreasing the expression of the genes associated with cell cycle division and cell survival and proliferation.
Futhermore, the mixture also elevated the protein involved in cancer cell death programming.
Interestingly, in vivo, both the mixture of anthocyanidins from bilberry (0.5mg/mouse) and the most potent anthocyanidin, delphinidin (1.5mg/mouse) significantly inhibited the growth of H1299 xenografts in nude mice by 60%.
Dr. Kausar H and colleagues said, in the final report "Our results thus demonstrate the therapeutic potential of berries rich in this mixture of diverse anthocyanidins for non-small-cell lung cancer treatment and to prevent its future recurrence and metastasis".
In order to reveal more information about bilberry anti-lung cancer activity, researchers assessed the involvement of oxidative stress in lung adenocarcinogenesis, using mice deficient in the 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1) gene and wild-type mice (C57BL6/J origin) administered 4-(N-hydroxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK).
Where deficiency of 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1) gene was found to associate with the advanced stage of cancer.
On week after induced lung cancer by administered 4-(N-hydroxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), selected mice were treated with one of 4 antioxidants (phenyl N-tert-butyl nitrone 0.13% in drinking water, resveratrol 20 ppm in the diet, lactoferrin 2% in diet and bilberry powder 2% in diet) or no supplement for 33 weeks.
All antioxidant applications demonstrated a strong inhibition against lung adenocarcinogenesis, through modulating the gene expression of gene deficiency such as 8-hydroxyguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1) and gene mutation such as Egfr and K-ras.
Taken altogether, bilberry-processed abundantly bioactive compounds me be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer, pending to the confirmation of a large sample size and multicenter human study.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(1) Berry anthocyanidins synergistically suppress growth and invasive potential of human non-small-cell lung cancer cells by Kausar H1, Jeyabalan J, Aqil F, Chabba D, Sidana J, Singh IP, Gupta RC. (PubMed)
(2) Enhancement of lung carcinogenesis initiated with 4-(N-hydroxymethylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone by Ogg1 gene deficiency in female, but not male, mice by Igarashi M1, Watanabe M, Yoshida M, Sugaya K, Endo Y, Miyajima N, Abe M, Sugano S, Nakae D.(PubMed)
(3) Lung cancer: what are the links with oxidative stress, physical activity and nutrition by Filaire E1, Dupuis C, Galvaing G, Aubreton S, Laurent H, Richard R, Filaire M. (PubMed)
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