By Kyle J. Norton
Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in promoting women's health in all aspects, some scientists suggested.
Anise is a flowering plant of the species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as a fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic,...
In the study of Anise estrogenic activity at doses levels of 50 mg, 70 mg, and 80 mg/kg PO. in rats, researchers found that application of Anise at all doses exerted a strong estrogenic effect without affecting the levels of progestational, anti-progestational, androgenic or anti-androgenic activities and inducing any side effects even at the doses of more than 3000 mg/kg with LD50, an indication of 50% percent of a population of animals killed usually within a certain time due to some application in a dose-dependent manner.
Also, in the investigation of the Anise estrogenic effect, researchers found that the application of Anise displayed estrogenic activity through increased milk secretion, promoting menstruation, facilitating birth, alleviating the symptoms of the male climacteric, and increasing libido.
Further analysis, also suggested that the implication of fennel estrogenic activity was associated with the major bioactive compound anethole found at high levels in the fennel essential oil.
However, even with a lesser amount in fennel essential oil, polymers of anethole, the derivative of di anethole, and photo anethole are considered actual pharmacological values in testing for the drug in the treatment of estrogenic deficiency-related diseases, including menstrual disorder, libido, menopause symptoms, male climacteric,.....
The above differentiation was supported by the evaluation of the estrogenic activity of essential oils of eleven Pimpinella species and the compounds isolated from these species, conducted by Anadolu University.
According to the yeast estrogen screen (YES) assay in the study, Anise essential oils containing (E)-anethole as major compounds showed estrogenic activity, compared to insignificant expression in aerial parts without fruits of P. anisetum and P. flabellifolia.
In the presence of anethole-containing oils from 30-50%, Anise exerted the maximal response in expression estrogenic activity.
Interestingly, Fruits of P. isaurica and P. peucedanifolia were estrogenic in spite of the absence or trace amount of anethole.
These results suggested that the estrogenic activity of Pimpinella oils may also be contributed by other components other than anethole.
In other words, anethole, a major bioactive compound may not be solely responsible for contributing towards estrogenic activity and essential oil isolated from different parts of the plant and species expressed a varied in estrogenic potencies compared to 17 beta-estradiol.
In herbal Anise, the fruit oils were most estrogenic followed by the aerial parts without fruits and the root oils and their EC50 values varied from 45 micrograms/mL to 650 micrograms/mL.
Taken together, Anise and its major bioactive compound anethole may be considered as a functional food for reduced risk, progression, and treatment of estrogenic deficiency syndrome and diseases, such as menopause symptoms and women's reproductive diseases.
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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the Karate GB Daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bio Science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents BY MichaelAlbert-Puleo(Science Direct)
(2) Estrogenic activity of isolated compounds and essential oils of Pimpinella species from Turkey, evaluated using a recombinant yeast screen by Tabanca N1, Khan SI, Bedir E, Annavarapu S, Willett K, Khan IA, Kirimer N, Baser KH.(PubMed)
(3) Anti-fertility activity and hormonal profile of trans-anethole in rats by Dhar SK1(PubMed)
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