Coffee, a popular and social beverage, is a drink made from roasted beans from the Coffea plant, native to tropical Africa and Madagascar.
A recent study suggested that coffee may have a direct effect on the influence of sex hormone steroid-binding globulin(SSBG) in stimulated production of estrogen and androgen depending on levels in the host.
Sex hormones are a class of hormones, that affect sexual development and reproduction. Steroid-binding globulin(SSBG), is a sex hormone, having a direct effect on androgen and estrogen.
In sex hormones and sexual differentiation, the most influential hormone in human sexual desire is testosterone.
Low levels of estrogen in women can also reduce sex drive caused by vaginal dryness that can lead to painful intercourse
Mentally, women with low levels of estrogen also experience unstable moods and sleep patterns that can have a strong impact on sexual desire.
However, sexual motivation is influenced by a set of hormones, including testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, oxytocin, and vasopressin...... Altogether, they control the ability to engage in sexual behaviors.
The actual causes of abnormal levels of sex hormones are debatable. But all researchers agree that aging plays an important role in the production of the sex hormone steroid-binding globulin(SSBG).
Diseases, also the risk factors associated with abnormal levels of serum of SHBG concentrations include obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes hypothyroidism, Cushing syndrome, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, ....... and androgen steroid use
The normal ranges for serum of SHBG concentrations in adults are:
* Males: 10 to 57 nanomoles per liter (nmol/L)
*Females (nonpregnant): 18 to 144 nmol/L
In an 8-week parallel-arm randomized controlled trial with Healthy adults (n = 42) recruited from the Boston community, including regular coffee consumers, nonsmokers, and overweight, randomized to five 6-ounce cups of caffeinated or decaffeinated instant coffee or water per day, at 4 weeks, researchers surprisingly found that
* Decaffeinated coffee drinking was associated with borderline significantly increased levels of SHBG in women, but not in men.
*. At week 4, decaffeinated coffee decreased total and free testosterone and caffeinated coffee decreased only total testosterone in women.
*. In contrast to women participants, men's consumption of caffeinated coffee displayed a significantly increased total testosterone and decreased total and free estradiol hormones.
*. The study also indicated that caffeinated coffee consumption does not exert any effect on SHBG in either men or women.
These results suggested that intake of coffee may have a strong impact in maintained normal levels of SHBG, thus reducing the risk of low levels of SHBG induced higher testosterone levels in overweight women, causing androgenization and development of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
And in men, normal levels of testosterone may also have a significant contribution to a healthy libido, building muscle mass, and maintaining energy levels.
Some researchers suggested that increased testosterone levels for middle-aged (30 to 50 years old) and older males may also improve the physical energy, strength, stamina, mental aggressiveness which were lost in the aging population.
In contrast to the above differentiation, in type 2 diabetic patients, coffee and coffee caffeine showed an elevated effect as a mediator of sex hormone-binding globulin in both androgen and estrogen particularly in women compared to healthy young adults.
Dr. Eric L. Ding and colleagues in the study to evaluate "Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women and Men" said, " Among women, higher plasma levels of sex hormone–binding globulin were prospectively associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes and " the predicted odds ratio of type 2 diabetes per standard-deviation increase in the plasma level of sex hormone-binding globulin was 0.28 (95% CI, 0.13 to 0.58) among women and 0.29 (95% CI, 0.15 to 0.58) among men".
The analysis strongly suggested that coffee regardless of type has a negative correlation with the risk of diabetes through increasing levels of SHBG.
Additionally, according to the cross-sectional study of 2377 nondiabetic pre- and postmenopausal women from the E3N cohort study in a multivariate adjusted model, intake of more than 3 cups of coffee daily coffee and caffeine ≥265 mg/day was associated with an increased SHBG level distribution (<46.3 nmol/L), in compared to no risk association of decaffeinated coffee subgroup.
In other words, in low levels of SHBG nondiabetic pre- and postmenopausal in compared to healthy women, injection of caffeinated coffee increased levels of sex hormones estrogen and testosterone
The above analysis was supported by the examination of the study during a median follow-up of 10 years of 359 postmenopausal women with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes matched with 359 control subjects by age, race, duration of follow-up, and time of blood draw, coffee and caffeine were associated to increased levels of fee and total testosterone among postmenopausal women.
In Summary, the evidence indicated that coffee and caffeine have an extreme effect on the exhibition of the sex hormone estrogen and testosterone through the increased lower level of SHBG in menopausal women and prevented the onset of type 2 diabetes without affecting the serum in healthy individuals.
Decaffeinated coffee decreased total and free testosterone through significantly increased levels of SHBG in overweight women who are at risk of diseases associated with overexpression of testosterone.
And caffeinated coffee displayed a significantly increased total testosterone and decreased total and free estradiol in men.
Altogether, coffee may be considered as a function food in mediated production of sex hormone estrogen and testosterone against diseases and syndromes caused by low levels of SSBG.
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Author biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Sources
(1) The effects of caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee on sex hormone-binding globulin and endogenous sex hormone levels: a randomized controlled trial by Wedick NM1, Mantzoros CS, Ding EL, Brennan AM, Rosner B, Rimm EB, Hu FB, van Dam RM.(PubMed)
(2) Cross-sectional association of coffee and caffeine consumption with sex hormone-binding globulin in healthy nondiabetic women by Pihan-Le Bars F1,2, Gusto G3,4,5, Boutron-Ruault MC3,4,5, Fagherazzi G3,4,5, Bonnet F1,2,3.(PubMed)
(3) Coffee and caffeine consumption in relation to sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women by Goto A1, Song Y, Chen BH, Manson JE, Buring JE, Liu S.(PubMed)
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