Bilberry Maybe Effective Against Intestinal Cancer with No Side Effects, Scientists Say

By Kyle J. Norton

Intestinal cancer is a medical condition characterized by irregular cell growth in the tissue of the intestines.

Most cases of intestinal cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the internal tissue. At the advanced stage, after penetrating deep layers of the intestines, the cancer cells can travel a distance away from the intestine to infect other healthy tissue and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

Certain factors such as being overweight or obese, physical inactivity, certain types of diet. smoking excessive alcohol drinking, family and personal history, and the increase in age are associated with an increased risk of intestinal cancer.

Some researchers suggested that the increased incidence of intestinal cancer in the Western world may be associated with the promotion of a high-fat Western diet over the past many decades.

Dr. Manon D. Schulz, the lead scientist in the investigation of the effects of high-fat diet-mediated dysbiosis promotes intestinal carcinogenesis suggested, "Several aspects common to a Western lifestyle, including obesity and decreased physical activity, are known risks for gastrointestinal cancers. There is substantial evidence suggesting that diet profoundly affects the composition of the intestinal microbiota. Moreover, there is now unequivocal evidence linking dysbiosis to cancer development".

And, "Undoubtedly various factors contribute to the etiology of intestinal cancer, but there are compelling arguments to include high-fat diet (HFD) and composition of the gut microbiota as key risk factors".

The results strongly suggested that the risk of intestinal cancer can be decreased by changing the diet pattern from the Western diet to a traditional diet with higher fruits and vegetables with a lower intake of red meat and saturated and trans fat and processed foods.

Bilberry is a species of low-growing shrubs in the genus Vaccinium, belonging to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern Europe.


The herbal plant has been used as foods and herbs in traditional medicine for the treatment of acute and chronic diarrhea, gastritis, gastric ulcer, and ulcer, enterocolitis, ulcerative colitis, anemia, cystitis, kidney disease, and psoriasis, diabetes, etc.

Researchers on finding a natural compound for the treatment of intestinal carcinogenesis examined the
intestinal carcinogenesis--relationship with tissue anthocyanin levels in an animal model.

Selected Apc(Min) mice ingested C3G or Mirtoselect at 0.03, 0.1, or 0.3% in the diet for 12 weeks, and intestinal adenomas were examined.


Where Mirtoselect, is an anthocyanin mixture from bilberry, and isolated cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is the most abundant anthocyanin in the diet.

C3G and Mirtoselect at the highest doses decreased the adenoma numbers by 45% (p < 0.001) or 30% (p < 0.05), respectively, compared to controls.

According to the intestinal mucosa and urinary assays, anthocyanins were found at the analytical detection limit in the plasma and at quantifiable levels.

More precisely, the total anthocyanin levels in mice on C3G or Mirtoselect were 43 ng and 8.1 microg/g tissue, respectively, in the intestinal mucosa, and 7.2 and 12.3 microg/ml in the urine.
These results suggested that C3G and Mirtoselect in the Apc(Min) mouse processed a chemotherapeutic effect for the treatment of intestinal carcinogenesis.


Moreover, in order to reveal more information about berries anti intestinal tumorigenesis, researchers examined the different phenolic profiles on intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinal neoplasia/+ mice.

Mice selected for the study were fed a high-fat AIN93-G diet (Con) or AIN93-G diets containing 10% (w:w) freeze-dried bilberry, lingonberry (LB), or cloudberry (CB) for 10 wk.

All 3 berries significantly inhibited the formation of intestinal adenomas as indicated by a 15-30% reduction in tumor numbers.

According to Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, all 3 berries inhibited the levels of decreased levels of proteins associated with cell cycle division.


Additionally, all 3 berries exerted early protection of the cells in the intestine against the alternation of cell DNA to facilitate the onset of the disease.


The findings strongly suggested the use of berries as chemopreventive components for the treatment of intestinal carcinogenesis.


Taken altogether, bilberry may be considered a functional remedy for the prevention and treatment of
intestinal cancer, pending the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Effect of cyanidin-3-glucoside and an anthocyanin mixture from bilberry on adenoma development in the ApcMin mouse model of intestinal carcinogenesis--relationship with tissue anthocyanin levels by Cooke D1, Schwarz M, Boocock D, Winterhalter P, Steward WP, Gescher AJ, Marczylo TH. (PubMed)
(2) Three Nordic berries inhibit intestinal tumorigenesis in multiple intestinalneoplasia/+ mice by modulating beta-catenin signaling in the tumor and transcription in the mucosa by Misikangas M1, Pajari AM, Päivärinta E, Oikarinen SI, Rajakangas J, Marttinen M, Takayama H, Törrönen R, Mutanen M. (PubMed)
(3) High-fat diet-mediated dysbiosis promotes intestinal carcinogenesis independent of obesity by Manon D. Schulz,1,* Çigdem Atay,1,* Jessica Heringer,1,* Franziska K. Romrig,1Sarah Schwitalla,1 Begüm Aydin,2 Paul K. Ziegler,3,4,5 Julia Varga,3,4,5 Wolfgang Reindl,6Claudia Pommerenke,7 Gabriela Salinas-Riester,7 Andreas Böck,8 Carl Alpert,9 Michael Blaut,9Sara C. Polson,10 Lydia Brandl,11 Thomas Kirchner,11 Florian R. Greten,3,4,5Shawn W. Polson,10 and Melek C. Arkan. (PMC)