Cruciferous Vegetables in the Prevention of Colon Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Colon formed part of the digestive system including a large intestine that connects to the small intestines and rectum plays a critical role to reabsorb fluids and process waste products from the body and prepare for its elimination through the rectum.

Colon cancer is relatively very common and slowly growing and progresses cancer and in a predictable way. The disease is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in developed countries, including the US and Canada.

Most cases of primary colon cancer start in the cell on the surface of the inner lining of the colon. At the early stage. most patients with colon cancer do not experience any symptoms.

However, at the advanced stage, the tumor not only can spread to other healthy tissue and organs a distance away through blood and fluid circulation but also suppress the nearby tissue and nerve cells.

The progression of colon cancer at this stage not only induces symptoms of the change in bowel habits, the change in the consistency of your stool, that lasts longer than four weeks but also causes rectal bleeding and persistent abdominal severe pain.

According to the statistic by the American Cancer Society, in the US, there are
97,220 new cases of colon cancer diagnosed in 2018. The lifetime risk of developing colorectal cancer is 1 in 22 (4.49%) for men and 1 in 24 (4.15%) for women.

The 5-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with localized stage colorectal cancer is 90%. About 39% of patients are diagnosed at this early stage.

Researchers do not know the exact causes of the disease. But they do know a history of polyps, ethnicity, high-fat diet and low fiber, the increase in age, the long-term infection of colon diseases are some of the prevalent factors associated with the onset and progression of colon cancer.

Cruciferous vegetables are a group of vegetables, belongings to the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivated all over the world in suitable climate for commercial profits, including cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and green leafy vegetables.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of cancers, researchers examined the effects of diets containing cruciferous vegetables on colon cancer risk.

According to the experiments of

* Expt. 1, with rats that were fed a vegetable-free (basal) diet or diets containing different lyophilized cruciferous vegetables in concentrations between 4 and 10%.

* Expt. 2, rats that were fed the basal diet or diets containing 10-22.6% fresh cruciferous vegetables. Diets were fed for 2 wk (Expt. 1) or 3 wk (Expt. 2) before and 7 wk (Expt. 1) or 12 wk (Expt. 2) after administration of the colon carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.

Moreover, rats fed fresh vegetables were also injected with a low dose of carcinogen 18-24 h prior to termination.

According to the dietary information,
* Groups fed lyophilized vegetables did not differ in aberrant crypt foci (ACF), sialomucin-producing foci, or mucin-depleted foci (MDF) numbers.

Furthermore, all fresh vegetable diets significantly decreased ACF (approximately 40%) and MDF numbers and the activities of the hepatic phase I enzyme CYP2E1 involved in drugs and alcohol metabolism did not differ among groups in either experiment.

Additionally, the levels of liver glutathione S-transferase (GST) and quinone reductase activities associated with detoxification did not differ among groups fed fresh vegetables, whereas the lyophilized cabbage diets decreased GST activity, compared with the basal diet.

Taken altogether, cruciferous vegetables may be considered functional foods for reducing the risk of colon cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Cruciferous vegetables reduce morphological markers of colon cancer risk in dimethylhydrazine-treated rats by Arikawa AY1, Gallaher DD. (PubMed)