Broccoli Exerted a Significant Pulmonary Injury Protection

By Kyle J. Norton


The lung is one of the vital organs in humans located near the backbone on either side of the heart with functions of inhaling oxygen from the air then transporting them to the bloodstream to nourish the body cells' need and exhaling carbon dioxide from the bloodstream.

Lung diseases are medical conditions, affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity, and the nerves and muscles of breathing.

People with lung diseases have breathing problems, preventing them to get enough oxygen for the body's needs.

According to the statistic from the World Health Organization, respiratory diseases are leading causes of death and disability in the world. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are 2 of the most common respiratory disease in the world, affecting 65 million and 334 million people, respectively.

3 million people die from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) each year, making it the third leading cause of death worldwide. And 14% of 334 million people suffer from asthma are children.

Long-term smoking is considered one of the leading risk factors of lung diseases. Other risk factors associated with the onset of lung diseases include radon, asbestos, second-hand smoke, and air pollution.

According to Dr. Elizabeth R. Johnson, the lead scientists in the study of "Acute Lung Injury: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment", wrote, "Acute lung injury (ALI) remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the critically ill patient population"

And, " Defined by a constellation of clinical criteria (acute onset of bilateral pulmonary infiltrates with hypoxemia without evidence of hydrostatic pulmonary edema), ALI has a high incidence (200,000 per year in the US) and overall mortality remains high".

Recently, some researchers suggested, " E-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI, also called vaping associated pulmonary injury [VAPI]), initially described in 2019, is an acute or subacute respiratory illness that can be severe and life-threatening".

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongs to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color and the mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant on the continent of Europe.

On finding a potential plant for the treatment of lung diseases, researchers examined the effects of Sulforaphane (SFN) is a phytochemical antioxidant on the pulmonary injury.

In wild-type (Nrf2+/+) and Nrf2-deficient (Nrf2-/-) mice induced hyperoxia or air exposure-induced pulmonary injury and oxidation indices, pretreatment with SFN orally or as standardized broccoli sprout extract diet (SBE), SFN or SBE upregulated a large cluster of basal lung genes involved in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, energy metabolism, and cardiovascular protection only in Nrf2+/+ mice.in Nrf2+/+ mice but not in Nrf2-/- mice by elucidating the ARE genes.

However, pretreatment of SFN showed no significant activity against the transcript abundance of the mitochondrial machinery genes in hyperoxia exposure in SFN-treated Nrf2+/+ mice, compared to SFN-treated Nrf2-/- mice.

Furthermore, SFN also exerted a strong effect on a central molecule in transcriptome networks associated with anti-cell apoptosis.

In other words, SFN can only exert a minor improvement of hyperoxia-caused lung histopathology and neutrophilia in Nrf2-/- mice compared to Nrf2+/+.

Based on the evidence, researchers said, ", SFN is suggested to be a preventive intervention in a preclinical model of acute lung injury by linking mitochondria and Nrf2. Administration of SFN alleviated acute lung injury-like pathogenesis in an Nrf2-dependent manner".

Taken altogether,  broccoli may be used as a pulmonary injury protection functional food, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Sulforaphane enriched transcriptome of lung mitochondrial energy metabolism and provided pulmonary injury protection via Nrf2 in mice by Cho HY1, Miller-DeGraf. (PubMed)
(2) Acute Lung Injury: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Treatment by Elizabeth R. Johnson, B.S.1 and Michael A. Matthay, M.D. (PMC)
(3) E-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI) by Helen Hollingsworth,
MD. (UpTodate)