Ursolic Acid Inhibits the Onset of Insulin Resistance in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Insulin resistance is a condition in which cells that convert glucose to energy in the muscles, body fat, intestine, and liver ignore the signal of the hormone insulin signaling.

In other words, patients with insulin resistance are hyperglycemic. The syndrome is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.

Epidemiologically, people with insulin resistance are associated with an increased risk of prediabetes, type 2 diabetes and chronic conditions such as heart attacks, strokes, and cancer.

Most cases of insulin resistance in the Western world are involved in the clogged up insulin receptors.
As the signals of hormone insulin are blocked, insulin resistance develops, leading to more production of insulin by the body.

According to statistics, over 100 million Americans are living with insulin resistance. Approximately 1 in 3, including half of those aged 60 and older have a silent blood sugar problem known as insulin resistance.

There are no single causes of insulin resistance. Epidemiologically, aging, ethnicity, overweight or obese, too much belly fat, physical inactivity, smoking and certain medical conditions such as Cushing’s disease or polycystic ovary disease are some of the prevalent factors that induce the risk of the condition.

However, most people with some of the aforementioned risk factors have never developed insulin resistance.

The most common symptoms of patients with insulin resistance are tiredness, hunger and difficulty concentrating.

Ursolic acid is a phytochemical in the subclass of Triterpenoid, belongings to the group of Terpenes found abundantly in apples, basil, bilberries, cranberries, peppermint, lavender, oregano, hawthorn, prunes., etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the ursolic acid effects on insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation induced by the excess of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obese.

The study included 40 male Wistar rats that were randomly assigned to eight groups (n = 5).
* One group was used for time 0.

* Three groups were labeled as OBE (control): receiving high-fat diet (HFD; fat content 45.24% of energy) during 3, 6, or 9 weeks;

* Three groups UA-PREV: exposed to simultaneous HFD and UA during 3, 6, or 9 weeks to evaluate UA preventive effects;

* One group UA-REV: receiving HFD for 6 weeks, followed by simultaneous HFD and UA for three additional weeks to analyze UA reversal effects.

According to the analysis of the measurements were performed after 3, 6, or 9 weeks of treatment,

* UA significantly decreased adiposity, IR, hyperinsulinemia, triacylglycerides, and cholesterol levels.
* UA also inhibited the VAT mRNA expression of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1), the key chemokines that regulate migration and infiltration.

* UA induced the increase of anti-inflammatory proteins IL (interleukin)-1β and IL-6, in the adiponectin levels.
* UA metabolic effects demonstrated in this study support its potential therapeutic utility to improve IR, and inflammation observed in obesity and diabetes.

Taken altogether, ursolic acid may be considered adjunct therapies in the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance (IR) and inflammation, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Effect of Ursolic Acid on Insulin Resistance and Hyperinsulinemia in Rats with Diet-Induced Obesity: Role of Adipokines Expression by González-Garibay AS1, López-Vázquez A1, García-Bañuelos J2, Sánchez-Enríquez S3, Sandoval-Rodríguez AS2, Del Toro Arreola S1, Bueno-Topete MR1, Muñoz-Valle JF4, González Hita ME5, Domínguez-Rosales JA1, Armendáriz-Borunda J2,6, Bastidas-Ramírez BE. (PubMed)