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Monday, 13 April 2020

Herbal Eyebright ( Euphrasia), a Potential Anti-inflammatory Herbal Medicine

By Kyle J. Norton

Anti-inflammation is a process that inhibits the pro-inflammatory cytokines without affecting the immune system activity against pathogens.

Inflammation is the natural response of the immune system macrophages, the first line of defense in stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines to protect our body against the infection caused by foreign microorganisms during the acute phase of body damage and injury.

Truly, the main focus of inflammation is to repair damage and injury.

Acute inflammation occurs quickly or within the hours and lasts a few days or weeks and the damaged tissues are healed themselves after all pathogens are killed off.

Any inflammation that lasts more than 8 weeks is considered chronic inflammation.

Chronic inflammation is a low-grade inflammation caused by the inability of the immune system to eliminate the invasive pathogens that occurred in the acute phase of infection.

Believe it or not, worldwide, 3 of 5 death are results from chronic inflammatory diseases like stroke, chronic respiratory diseases, heart disorders, cancer, obesity, and diabetes.

In the US, chronic inflammatory diseases affect more than 50 million Americans each year.

Diseases associated with low-grade inflammation include diabetes and cardiovascular.

Conventionally, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most common medical drugs such as aspirin. ibuprofen in reducing inflammation associated with pain-relieving.

On finding a natural ingredient for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory diseases, scientists examined the extract of Euphrasia officinalis, a traditional folk medicine synthesized gold nanoparticles (EO-AuNPs) anti-inflammatory effects.


Eyebright is one of the species of flowering plants, genus Euphrasia, belonging to the family Orobanchaceae, native to Europe. 

The plant has been used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat eye infection and to relieve inflammation caused by colds, coughs, sinus infections, sore throats, and hay fever.

According to tested analysis,
* EO-AuNPs exhibited little cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 cells at 100 µg/mL concentration after 24 hours.

* EO-AuNPs significantly suppressed the LPS-induced release of pro-inflammatory expressions such as NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

* Furthermore, pretreatment with EO-AuNPs significantly reduced the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor kappa B-alpha and inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 against the activation of inflammatory proteins and immune response.

Based on the results, researchers suggest, "The synthesized EO-AuNPs showed anti-inflammatory activity in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells, suggesting they may be potential candidates for treating inflammatory-mediated diseases".

Taken altogether, Eyebright may be considered a remedy for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using Euphrasia officinalisleaf extract to inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through NF-κB and JAK/STAT pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophages by Liu Y1, Kim S2, Kim YJ1,2, Perumalsamy H2, Lee S3, Hwang E4, Yi TH. (PubMed)

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