Devil's Club (Oplopanax horridus) Processes Anti Diabetes Effects in Vitro and Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Diabetes is a chronic condition caused by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose.

In other words, diabetes occurs when cells in the pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol. In some cases, diabetes is also caused by allergic reactions of cells in the immune system.

Most common types of diabetes are
* Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, the most common form diabetes found in children is a condition in which the pancreas does not produce any insulin. The most common form of type 1 diabetes is caused by genetic mutation and some viruses.

* Type 2 diabetes is a medical condition characterized by insufficient insulin entering the bloodstream to regulate the glucose due to either cell in pancreas dying off or receptor sites clogged up by fat and cholesterol.

* Gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that can occur during pregnancy, affecting between 3% and 20% of pregnant women.

* Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), similar to type 1 diabetes, is a slow-progressing form of autoimmune diabetes. The disease is caused by the pancreas inability to produce enough insulin, because of slowly die-off of insulin-producing cells in the pancreas.

LADA is also known as type 1.5 diabetes because the disease has characteristics of both type 1 (autoimmune in nature) and type 2 diabetes.

Therefore, LADA shares the same risk factors and symptoms similar to those types 1 and 2 diabetes.

Hyperglycemia, a medical condition of abnormally high blood glucose, is a major concern, in people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Most cases of hyperglycemia occurred in patients who do not manage their diabetes properly.

Devil's Club is a large shrub, genus Oplopanax, belonging to the family Aralioideae, native to the cool moist forests of western North America. 

The herb has been used in traditional and herbal medicine as Adaptogen, Antipyretic, Pain Reliever, Antitussive, Antibacterial agent and to treat Arthritis, Diabetes, Colds, Cough, Sore throat, Chest congestion, Stomach pain, Constipation, Gall stones, Influenza, Cancer, etc.

On finding a natural and potential compound for the treatment of chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases, researchers examined the anti-diabetic activity of ginsenoside Rb(3) found in Devil's club in a model of alloxan-induced diabetic mice.

The study included alloxan-induced diabetic mice that were treated with ginsenoside Rb(3) for 2 weeks at doses of 5 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg.

According to the results of the experiment

In vivo
* After 2 weeks of treatment of ginsenoside Rb(3), the fasting blood glucose levels of DG 15 and DG 25 were respectively reduced by 36.70% and 37.50% compared to the control group. 

* At a dose of 25 mg/kg, oral glucose tolerance was significantly improved compared to the control group (P < 0.05).

*Furthermore, The AUC decreased by 34.47% (from 2442 ± 291 mmol·min/L to 1600 ± 109 mmol·min/L). Both food intake and water intake were remarkably lowered without alternating the bodyweight of diabetic mice.

* More importantly, the injury of the pancreas was repaired by the administration of ginsenoside Rb(3).

In vitro

* At the concentrations of 100 and 200 µM, ginsenoside Rb(3) increased glucose consumption in C2C12 myotubes by 76.83% and 97.20%, respectively, compared to the control group.

Collectively, researchers wrote, " our results showed that ginsenoside Rb(3) reduced fasting blood glucose level, food intake, water intake, improved oral glucose tolerance, and repaired injured pancreas tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic mice".

Taken altogether, Devil's club may be considered a remedy for the treatment of diabetes, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-diabetic effect of ginsenoside Rb(3) in alloxan-induced diabetic mice by Bu QT1, Zhang WY, Chen QC, Zhang CZ, Gong XJ, Liu WC, Li W, Zheng YN. (PubMed)