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Monday, 5 October 2020

Tocopherols Protects the Liver Against Liver Toxicity in Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton


The liver is a large internal organ of the human body that protects us by filtering the blood that comes from the digestive system before passing to other parts of the body.

In other words, if the liver was damaged due to toxicity, the blood will be toxic, affecting the function of all organs and tissues in the body.

Epidemiological studies suggested liver dysfunction can also induce acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease, linked to the increased mortality, extending to those with chronic liver disease.

Hepatotoxicity is a condition caused by the accumulation of toxin in the liver, leading to liver dysfunction or reduced liver function.

Acute liver toxicity is caused by short-term exposure to toxic chemicals such as an overdose of medication.

The most common symptoms of liver toxicity are jaundice, persistent itching, and abdominal pain.

Some patients may also experience symptoms of pain in the upper right portion of the abdomen fatigue, loss of appetite accompanied by gastrointestinal discomforts.

Chronic liver toxicity is due to long-term exposure to toxic substances including excessive alcohol drinking and long term use of certain medicines.

Liver damage can be hepatocellular caused by direct hepatotoxicity, or innate and adaptive immune responses, and cholestatic caused most commonly by the drug or the drug metabolite, or mixed.

Liver damage can lead to reduced function of liver hepatobiliary transporter systems that affects the bile formation and secretion of oleophilic substances and xenobiotics.

In the US, the most common causes of liver toxicity are the results of the most common drug-induced liver injury including overdoses of acetaminophen.

Believe it or not, antibiotics are the most common cause of liver toxicity.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of liver diseases, researchers examined the liver protective effect of antioxidant vitamins such as L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) and α-Tocopherol (α-TOC) on As2O3 induced liver toxicity.

According to the analysis of immortalized human Chang liver cells.
* L-AA (100 µM) and α-TOC (50 µM) recovered As2O3 (10 µM) cytotoxicity

* As2O3 treatment showed an increase in lipid peroxidation and depletion in antioxidant status, mitochondrial transmembrane potential, and values of total antioxidant capacity.

* However, the Cotreatment of antioxidant vitamins with As2O3 resulted in a significant reversal of oxidative stress markers.

In other words, L-Ascorbic acid (L-AA) and α-Tocopherol (α-TOC) exerted a liver protective effect against As2O3 against liver toxicity.

After talking about other factors into account, researchers said, ". Our findings substantiate the effect of antioxidant vitamins in protecting the hepatocytes from oxidative stress which may be attributed through Nrf2 (Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) mediated upregulation of Bcl2 (B-cell lymphoma 2) expression".

Taken altogether, tocopherols used alone or combined with lycopene may be considered adjunct therapies in the prevention of liver toxicity, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) L-Ascorbic Acid and α-Tocopherol Reduces Hepatotoxicity Associated with Arsenic Trioxide Chemotherapy by Modulating Nrf2 and Bcl2 Transcription Factors in Chang liver Cells by Vineetha RC1, Archana V1, Binu P1, Arathi P1, Nair RH. (PubMed)

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