Tocopherols Inhibits the Adverse Effects Osteoradionecrosis (ORN)-Induced by Radiotherapy in Patients with Head and Neck

By Kyle J. Norton


Head and neck cancer is a group of cancers found in the mouth, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands.

Most cases of head and neck cancer, at the early stage, start by the cell growth irregularly and disorderly on the surface of the inner lining in the head and neck.

At the advanced stage, patients may experience symptoms of a lump in the nose, neck or throat, with or without pain, a persistent sore throat that does not heal, trouble swallowing (dysphagia) and frequent and persistent coughing.

At this stage, cancer cells may travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissue and organs.

Most common head and neck cancer metastases are secondary skin cancer.

The exact causes of head and neck cancer are unknown. However, certain risk factors have been found to associate with the onset of the disease, including, excessive alcohol intake, smoking, infected by the HPV virus, poor oral health, race, long-term exposure to wood dust.

Some researchers suggested that people who perform oral sex before sexual intercourse is at a higher incidence of disease development as human papillomavirus (HPV) can spread during oral sex, increasing the possibility of oral cancer.

According to the statistics, in the US, HPV is the most common sexually transmitted virus.

Osteoradionecrosis is a condition associated with bone death due to exposure to radiation or radiation treatment.

The death of bone cells is a result of radiation induce-damage of the blood vessel that supplies the nutrients to the bone.

Osteoradionecrosis is a rare side effect occurred sometime after radiation therapy has ended. The complication usually occurs in the lower jaw or mandible.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals of which many have vitamin E activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of chronic diseases, researchers examined the prophylactic role of pentoxifylline and tocopherol in patients who require dental extractions after radiotherapy with cancer of head and neck adverse effects osteoradionecrosis (ORN).

The retrospective study included a total of 110 patients who had radiotherapy for cancer of the head and neck.

According to the analysis of 450 dental extractions 110 patients after radiotherapy, ORN developed only in 2 patients.

However, patients had taken PVe for a mean of 12 (24) weeks preoperatively and 14 (18) weeks postoperatively showed a lower ORN incidence than normally associated with dental extractions in irradiated patients.

Based on the results, researchers said, "In patients undergoing dental extractions, after receiving radiotherapy of head and neck region, combination therapy of pentoxifylline and tocopherol are sufficiently effective".

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a supplement for reducing side effects of cancer of head and neck adverse effects osteoradionecrosis (ORN), pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Prophylactic Use of Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol in Patients Undergoing Dental Extractions Following Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer by Aggarwal K1, Goutam M2, Singh M2, Kharat N3, Singh V4, Vyas S5, Singh HP. (PubMed)