Lycopene Inhibited the Parameters Associated with Onset of Liver Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

The liver is the largest internal organ located in the upper right portion of the abdomen, beneath your diaphragm and above your stomach.

The liver not only plays an essential role that filters the blood from the digestive system but also produces bile to build strong cell membranes, produce vitamin D and steroid hormones.

Furthermore, the liver also aids digestive function to absorb nutrients from food intake, and protect the body against free radicals in the body through its antioxidant capacity.

Liver cancer is chronic a condition characterized by out of controlled growth of hepatocellular cells in the liver due to DNA alternation. 

Since the organ is a soft tissue with less nerve, most liver cancer patients are diagnosed in the later stage of cancer. 

 Liver cancer remains the fifth most common malignancy in men and the eighth in women worldwide. According to the statistic, in the US, approximately, 42,030 new cases of liver cancer will be diagnosed in 2019, including 29,480 in men and 12,550 in women.

Sadly, liver cancer also will cause the death of approximately 31,780 people, including 21,600 men and 10,180 women in 2019. Believe it or not, liver cancer death rates have increased by over 2% per year since 2007

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary liver cancer.

The grade of liver cancer is depending on the tendency of spreading. Low-grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high-grade cancers indicate otherwise.

Out of many risks associated with the onset of liver cancer, some researchers that long-term excessive alcohol drinking may be the culprit which causes the rise of liver cancer in the US.

Linda Carroll wrote on the NBC news." Severe alcohol-related liver disease is on the rise, a new study suggests. Experts say the increase may be due to heavy binge drinking, especially in young adults.

And, "...while there has been little change in the rate of people developing alcoholic fatty liver disease, there appears to be an increase in those who are at greater risk of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death, according to the study published in JAMA"

Lycopene is a phytochemical in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas,

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and perform various functions in photosynthesis.


On finding a potential compound for the prevention of liver cancer, researchers examined the effects of lycopene extracted from tomatoes (LycT) on N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.

In a study of female BALB/c mice randomly divided into four groups, the Control, NDEA (200 mg NDEA/kg b.w. given i.p.), LycT (5 mg/kg b.w. given orally on alternate days) and LycT + NDEA group, researchers found that

* Lycopene treament inhibited the uncontrolled proliferation in the liver of NDEA associated with the high expression of cell-proliferation (P ≤ 0.001) in NDEA mice observed by the increased expression of genes (PCNA, Cyclin D1, and p21) associated with tumorigenesis compared to control.

* Furthermore, elevated expression of parameters associated with cancer expression in NDEA mice were also inhibited by the injection of lycopene extract compared to control.

* The aforementioned parameters correlated to the alterations in hepatic ultrastructure in the NDEA group were also inhibited by the lycopene extract.

* Moreover, according to the hepatic electron micrographs, LycT + NDEA group showed also increased macrophages, apoptotic bodies and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), compared to undifferentiated HCC observed in the NDEA treated group.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "This study demonstrates that dietary supplementation with LycT has a multidimensional role in preventing HCC development".

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomato may be considered supplements for the prevention of liver cancer pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Dietary Tomato Powder Inhibits High-Fat Diet-Promoted Hepatocellular Carcinomawith Alteration of Gut Microbiota in Mice Lacking Carotenoid Cleavage Enzymes by Xia H#1, Liu C#1, Li CC#1, Fu M2, Takahashi S2, Hu KQ1, Aizawa K1,2, Hiroyuki S2, Wu G3, Zhao L3, Wang XD. (PubMed)
(2) Lycopene modulates cellular proliferation, glycolysis and hepatic ultrastructure during hepatocellular carcinoma by Gupta P1, Bhatia N1, Bansal MP1, Koul A. (PubMed)
(3) Severe alcohol-related liver disease on the rise, study finds by Linda Carroll (NBC News)