Healthy Food Broccoli, the Potential Tumor Suppressor

By Kyle J. Norton

Tumor suppressor proteins are types of genetic materials that protect the body against cell proliferation by regulating the activity of a variety of cellular genes involved in growth and cell cycle progression.

In other words, tumor-suppressor genes encode proteins that slow or inhibit progression through a range of mechanisms to protect the cell integrity against mutation including inhibiting proliferation, programming cell death and involving cell cycle arrest.

Proteins found in the cells of organisms are large, complex molecules that play many critical roles in maintaining the structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.

Proteins are made up of hundreds or thousands of smaller units called amino acids, attaching one to another in long chains.

The most common types of tumor-suppressor proteins are

* The retinoblastoma protein (Rb) is a tumor suppressor protein that has been found to induce dysfunction in several major cancers by preventing excessive cell growth and inhibiting cell cycle.

* p53 is also a tumor suppressor protein that plays a critical role in the regulation of cell division through its anti-proliferative activity.

In many cancer,  the loss or inactivation of the tumor suppressor genes has shown to contribute to the abnormal proliferation of tumor cells.

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.

On finding a potential wholefood for the treatment of cancer, researchers examined the effect of Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C), a dietary compound found naturally in cruciferous vegetables, including broccoli and brussels sprouts on cell arrest of human reproductive cancer cells.

According to the I3C treatment on the tested cancer cell line, the bioactive compound increased both the transcripts and protein levels of the CDK2 inhibitor p21 associated with a tumor-suppressive gene linking to DNA damage cell cycle arrest through tumor protein p53, another tumor suppressor. 

In other words, ablating p53 production prevented the I3C function to induce G1 arrest and p21 expression.

In cell division assays, the anti-proliferative activity of I3C was attributed to p53 protein stability and greater transactivation of p21 potential.

Based on the finding, researchers said, " I3C induced G1 arrest of human prostate cancer cells requires the induced production of the activated phosphorylated forms of p53, which stimulate transcription of the CDK2 inhibitor p21".

Taken altogether, broccoli processed a high amount of Indole-3-Carbinol  may be considered a functional food for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of  I3C in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Indole-3-carbinol mediated cell cycle arrest of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells requires the induced production of activated p53 tumor suppressor protein by Hsu JC1, Dev A, Wing A, Brew CT, Bjeldanes LF, Firestone GL. (PubMed)