Cranberry Reduces the Risk of Gingivitis

By Kyle J. Norton

Oral health is a process or activity that protects the oral cavity against diseases associated with regular brushing of the teeth and cleaning between the teeth.

Gingivitis or gingival inflammation is one of the most common conditions of oral inflammation of the gum caused by overexpression of plaques accumulated on your teeth that irritate the gingiva. Over time, the gum of an infected person has become swollen and bleed easily.

In severe cases, the condition can lead to periodontal disease, inducing tooth decay or loss of the tooth.

Most of the cases of gingivitis are associated with poor hygiene, particularly in people who smoke.
Gingivitis can be reversed by following a good oral health habit, including brushing at least twice a day, flossing daily and getting regular dental checkups.

Other causes of the oral problem are poor diet and hygiene, trauma, stress, alcohol use, and use of illegal substances.

However, chronic diseases also are found to induce poor oral health, including diabetes.

Most common symptoms of gingivitis including swollen gums with dusky red or dark red color and bleeding easily when brush or floss, particularly breath-breath.

According to the statistics provided by the CDC, smoking is an important cause of severe gum disease in the US.

Some researchers suggested that long-term oral infection can place the patients at risk of certain chronic diseases.

Dr. Xiaojing Li, and colleagues wrote, "Recently, it has been recognized that oral infection, especially periodontitis, may affect the course and pathogenesis of a number of systemic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, bacterial pneumonia, diabetes mellitus, and low birth weight".

And, "Periodontitis as a major oral infection may affect the host's susceptibility to systemic disease in three ways: by shared risk factors; subgingival biofilms acting as reservoirs of gram-negative bacteria; and the periodontium acting as a reservoir of inflammatory mediators".

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the improvement of oral health, researchers examined the effect of cranberry functional beverage (CFB) on gingival inflammation indices for eight weeks.

The two-arm randomized controlled study included 50 participants divided into an experimental group (CFB), administered daily with 750 ml CFB, or a control group administered the same amount of water.

During the experiment, researchers found that

* CFB shows a significant change in gingival (GI) and plaque (PI) but has no effects on not bleeding on probing (BoP) and approximal plaque (API) indices compared to the control group.

* Futhermore, Streptococcus mutans (SM) associated with oral infection was lower in the CFB group compared to control.

* However, there is no difference in serum or saliva antioxidant status (TAS), IL-1beta associated with inflammatory status, and serum malondialdehyde level (MDA), between groups.

Based on the findings, researchers said, " the consumption of CFB improves gingival and plaque indices without posing a risk of caries development. Thus CFB can be recommended as a safe adjunct for nonsurgical PT in patients with gingivitis".

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of gingivitis, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Consumption of cranberry functional beverage reduces gingival index and plaque index in patients with gingivitis by Woźniewicz M1, Nowaczyk PM2, Kurhańska-Flisykowska A3, Wyganowska-Świątkowska M3, Lasik-Kurdyś M4, Walkowiak J5, Bajerska J. (PubMed)
(2) Systemic Diseases Caused by Oral Infection by Xiaojing Li, Kristin M. Kolltveit, Leif Tronstad, Ingar Olsen. (the American Society of Microbiology)