Tocopherols Suppresses the Onset of Oxidative Stress

By Kyle J. Norton

Oxidative stress is a condition caused by an imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidants in the body.

In other words, oxidative stress is either caused by overexpression of free radical or depletion of antioxidant enzymes in the body.

Some researchers suggested that oxidative stress may also arise due to the chain reaction of free radicals in which free radicals donate or intercept an electron from other stable molecules.

Long-term oxidative stress presented in the body can cause protein and lipid damage and alternation of cell DNA, leading to the onset of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer.

Free radicals are highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron on the outer ring of the atom.

Due to its nature to become stable, free radicals readily to donate or steal an electron from other molecules, leading to the chain of domino's effect that can not be stopped until either the electrons are paired or inhibited by antioxidants.

Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.

In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radical before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating the protein, lipid and cell damage.

Antioxidants can either produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.

Tocopherols are phytochemicals with antioxidative stress activity, belonging to the group of Lipids, found abundantly in butter, egg yolk, milk fat, some vegetable, and seed or nut oils, etc.

On finding a potential phytochemical for the treatment of osteoporosis, researchers examined the chemopreventive activity of the naturally occurring γ-tocopherol-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT) in early stages of estrogen-induced mammary hyperplasia in ACI rats.

The study included ACI rats induced mammary carcinogenesis following by the implanted with 9 mg of 17β-estradiol (E2) in silastic tubings and fed with control or 0.3% γ-TmT diet for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days.

According to the results of the analysis, 

* γ-TmT treatment rats showed an increase in the levels of tocopherols and their metabolites in the serum and mammary glands.

* γ-TmT decreased the levels of E2-induced nitrosative and oxidative stress markers, nitrotyrosine, 8-Isoprostane, and 8-oxo-dG in the serum in the hyperplastic mammary tissues by stimulating the expression of the protein (Nrf2) associated with the production of the antioxidant enzyme, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in the host.

* More precisely, the inhibition of nitrosative/oxidative stress through induction of antioxidant response is the primary effect of γ-TmT in the early stages of E2-induced mammary hyperplasia.

* More importantly, γ-TmT also exerted cytoprotective activity against estrogen-induced breast cancer, without causing the death of healthy cells.

Taken altogether, tocopherols may be considered a supplement for the treatment of diseases involved in the expression of oxidative stress, including cancers, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of tocopherols in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Tocopherols inhibit oxidative and nitrosative stress in estrogen-induced early mammary hyperplasia in ACI rats by Das Gupta S1, So JY1, Wall B1, Wahler J1, Smolarek AK1, Sae-Tan S1, Soewono KY1, Yu H1, Lee MJ1, Thomas PE1, Yang CS1,2, Suh N. (PubMed)