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Wednesday, 1 June 2022

Healthy Food Broccoli Improves the Chemotherapeutic Drug Efficacy for the Treatment of Head and Neck Cancer

By Kyle J. Norton

Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by irregular cell growth that starts in the tissue of specific organs.

Over time, after penetrating into deeper layers of the affected organs, the oversize tumor can sometimes spread to other organs in the body via lymph or blood, leading to secondary metastasis.

Head and neck cancer is a class of cancer including the mouth, nose, throat, larynx, sinuses, or salivary glands.

The most common head and neck cancer metastases are secondary skin cancer.

Most cases of head and neck cancer start in the cell of the inner lining of the affected tissue. However, at the later stage, the cancer cell can travel a distance away from the original site to infect other healthy tissues and organs, leading to secondary metastasis.

The exact causes of head and neck cancer are unknown. However, certain risk factors have been found to associate with the onset of the disease, including, excessive alcohol intake, smoking, infection by the HPV virus, poor oral health, race, and long-term exposure to wood dust.

Some researchers suggested that people who perform oral sex before sexual intercourse is at a higher incidence of disease development as human papillomavirus (HPV) can spread during oral sex, increasing the possibility of oral cancer.

Other risk factors such as prolonged sun exposure, infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), poor oral and dental hygiene and occupational inhalants, long-term marijuana, tobacco use, and involuntary smoking are also associated with the onset of head and neck cancer.

Broccoli is a mustard/cabbage plant, belongings to the family Brassicaceae. The veggie has large flower heads, usually green in color with a mass of flower heads surrounded by leaves and evolved from a wild cabbage plant from the continent of Europe.

On finding a potential whole for the prevention and treatment of cancer, researchers examined the effect of sulforaphane (SFN) isolated from broccoli extract in the improvement of chemotherapeutic drug efficacy in the treatment of head and neck cancer.

According to the results of differentiation, SF improved the chemotherapeutic efficacies used in the combination with much lower doses of CIS or 5-FU against SCCHN cells, by reducing cytotoxicity to normal cells.

On SCCHN human cell lines (SCC12 and SCC38), titrations of SF standalone or in combination with CIS and 5-FU
* SF treatment alone reduced the SCCHN cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner.

* SF-combined treatment not only increased the cytotoxic activity of CIS by two folds and of 5-FU by tenfold against SCCHN but also inhibited SCCHN cell clonogenicity and post-treatment DNA repair with no effect on normal cells. 

Furthermore, SF increased SCCHN apoptosis by promoting the proteins associated with proapoptosis and inhibiting the proteins involved in the anti-apoptotic activity in the tested cell lines.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Combining SF with low doses of CIS or 5-FU increased cytotoxicity against SCCHN cells while having minimal effects on normal cells".

Taken altogether, broccoli processed with high amounts of sulforaphane may be considered a functional food for reducing chemo drug side effects, pending the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of sulforaphane in the form of supplements should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose and acute liver toxicity.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as the international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Broccoli extract improves chemotherapeutic drug efficacy against head-neck squamous cell carcinomas by Elkashty OA1,2, Ashry R2, Elghanam GA1,3, Pham HM1, Su X1,4, Stegen C5,6, Tran SD. (PubMed)

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