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Friday, 16 October 2020

Cranberry Modulates the Expression of Oxidative Stress

By Kyle J. Norton


Oxidative stress is a medical condition characterized by the imbalance of the ratio of free radicals and antioxidant enzymes produced by the host tissues.

Under normal conditions, antioxidant enzymes produced by the body in a healthy individual are good enough to counter the bombardment of free radical attacks.

In some cases, this reaction also is caused long-term accumulation of toxic substances in the body, such as lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic.

There is no single cause of oxidative stress. Some researchers suggested that a number of factors can facilitate the onset of oxidative stress, including cigarette smoke, oxidative burst from activated macrophages, particularly, the free radicals chain reaction.

Sadly, a prolonged period of oxidative stress presented in the human body can cause oxidative damage to biomolecules, (lipids, proteins, DNA) and the death of healthy cells through cytotoxicity.

Certain chronic diseases are found to be associated with oxidative stress, including atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetics, rheumatoid arthritis, post-ischemic perfusion injury, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular diseases, chronic inflammation, and stroke.

Antioxidants are stable atom that plays a critical role in protecting the body against the attack of free radicals.

In other words, antioxidants inhibited the onset of free radical before they can cause a chain reaction in facilitating the protein, lipid and cell damage.

Antioxidants can either produced by the liver or intake from dietary sources. 

Cranberry is an evergreen dwarf shrub, genus Vaccinium, belongings to the family Ericaceae, native to Northern America and Southern Asia. Because of its health benefits, cranberry has been cultivated in some parts of the world for commercial profit and used in traditional and herbal medicine to treat wounds, urinary disorders, diarrhea, diabetes, stomach ailments, and liver problems.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, researchers investigated the effects of cranberry polyphenolic fractions in oxidative stress (OxS), on intestinal Caco-2/15 cells.

According to the tested analysis, cranberry extracts pre-treatment in Caco-2/15 cells not only showed a strong activity iron/ascorbate lipid peroxidation but also inhibited lipopolysaccharide in the mediation of the production of inflammation in pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and interleukin-6.

Furthermore, cranberry extracts pre-treatment also inhibited the inflammatory symptoms such as pain associated with the overexpression of enzyme cyclo-oxygenase-2 and hormone prostaglandin E2.

Moreover, Cranberry polyphenols (CP) fractions regulated the levels of antioxidant enzymes Nrf2 and levels of a pro-inflammatory cytokine such as nuclear factor κB activation.

Taken altogether, cranberry may be considered a remedy for the management of oxidative stress, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)

Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Prevention of oxidative stress, inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the intestine by different cranberry phenolic fractions by Denis MC, Desjardins Y1, Furtos A2, Marcil V3, Dudonné S1, Montoudis A3, Garofalo C3, Delvin E, Marette A, Levy E. (PubMed)

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