Lycopene Inhibits Parameters Induced Post Myocardial Infarction Complication

By Kyle J. Norton

Acute brain infarction is the severe and medical emergency characterized by the obstruction of the blood supply to the brain, causing local death of the neurons in the brain. Prompt treatment can minimize brain damage and potential complications.

The occurrence and extent of brain infarction are asscoaited with three basic factors, including the site of arterial occlusion, the rapidity of arterial occlusion, and the presence or absence of collateral circulation.

In other words, brain infarction can be classified into myocardial infarction due to plaque rupture and myocardial oxygen supply-demand imbalance secondary to other acute illnesses.

The exact causes of a blood clot to induce acute brain infarction are unknown. However, the trouble with speaking and understanding, confusion, sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg, headache and the trouble with walking are some of the most common symptoms found in patients with post-myocardial infarction.

Depending on the severity of the acute infarction, in serious cases, patients may also experience symptoms, paralysis of the face, arm or leg, trouble with seeing in one or both eyes.

Although, there are many factors associated with the risk of acute infarction. some researchers suggested aging may have a strong and negative implication on acute infarction.

Dr. Amelia Carro, the lead scientist wrote, "Data from 163,140 hospital admissions of Medicare beneficiaries age > or =65 years between 1994 and 1996 with AMI at U.S. hospitals were evaluated for differences in clinical characteristics and mortality across five age-based strata (in years): 65 to 69, 70 to 74, 75 to 79, 80 to 84 and > or =85".

And, "Our data indicate significant age-associated differences in clinical characteristics in elderly patients with AMI, which account for some of the age-associated differences in mortality".

Lycopene is a phytochemical found in tomato in the class of carotenoid, a natural pigment with no vitamin A activity found abundantly in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables, such as red carrots, watermelons, and papayas.

Tomatoes provide about 80% of the lycopene in the world diet. In plants, lycopene protects the host against excessive photodamage and perform various functions in photosynthesis.

On finding a natural compound for the treatment in the post-heart attack, researchers examined supplementation on cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI).

The study included male Wistar rats assigned randomly into four groups: the sham group (animals that underwent simulated surgery) that received a standard chow (S; n=18), the infarcted group that received a standard chow (MI; n=13), the infarcted group supplemented with lycopene (1 mg of lycopene/kg body weight/day) (MIL; n=16) and the infarcted group supplemented with tomato (MIT; n=16).

At the end of 3 months of the experiment, based on the assay analysis, researchers found that

* The groups MIL and MIT showed decreased interstitial fibrosis induced by infarction.

* Tomato treated group attenuated the hypertrophy induced by MI.

* Lycopene reduced the expression of proteins and pathway associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TGF-β1, and NF-κB and TNF-α respectively, collagen I, collagen III associated with the initiation of fibrous tissues.

* Most importantly, lycopene also ameliorated the level of ventricular remodeling post-MI.

Based on the findings, researchers said, "Lycopene may inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway thereby reducing the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis post-MI, which could be a key mechanism of lycopene in attenuating ventricular remodeling".

Taken altogether, lycopene found in tomato may be considered supplements for the and treatment of in cardio-remodeling in post-myocardial infarction, pending on the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) or lycopene supplementation attenuates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction through different mechanistic pathways by Pereira BLB1, Reis PP2, Severino FE3, Felix TF4, Braz MG5, Nogueira FR6, Silva RAC7, Cardoso AC8, Lourenço MAM9, Figueiredo AM10, Chiuso-Minicucci F11, Azevedo PS12, Polegato BF13, Okoshi K14, Fernandes AAH15, Paiva SAR16, Zornoff LAM17, Minicucci MF. (PubMed)
(2) Lycopene attenuates inflammation and apoptosis in post-myocardial infarctionremodeling by inhibiting the nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway by He Q1, Zhou W1, Xiong C1, Tan G1, Chen M. (PubMed)
(3) Acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: differences by age by Mehta RH1, Rathore SS, Radford MJ, Wang Y, Wang Y, Krumholz HM. (PubMed)