Bioactive Compound Sulforaphane (SFN) Isolated from Collard Greens, Processes Anti-Neuropathic Pain in Vivo

By Kyle J. Norton

Neurological disorders are a class of diseases of the nervous system characterized by the structural damage, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or nerves.

Neurodegenerative disease is a type of neurological disorder associated with the progressive loss of neuron in the brain caused by several mechanisms, including toxicity and oxygen deficiency.

Neuropathic pain is a type of pain that affects the somatosensory nervous system due to damage or disease. Abnormal sensations called dysesthesia or pain from normally non-painful stimuli (allodynia) are some of the most common forms of neuropathic pain found in patients.

There are no obvious causes of neuropathic pain. However, medical condition such as alcoholism, amputation, diabetes, nerve problems, HIV infection or AIDS, multiple myeloma, multiple sclerosis and shingles, and chemotherapy are some prevalent factors of neuropathic pain.

According to the joint study conducted led by the Health Outcomes Practice, there are no published data on the broad prevalence of neuropathic pain (NeP) in the US. However, the 15,751 respondents reported pain (63.7%), of 2,548 data suggested that 10% American may suffer from neuropathic pain (NeP). The rate of NeP in Blacks and Hispanics ethnicity was consistently higher compared to White

Most common treatments of NeP are the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (44.2%), followed by weak opioids (31.7%), antiepileptics (10.9%), and strong opioids (10.9%).

Most common therapies used for neuropathic pain treatment are physical therapy, relaxation therapy, massage therapy, psychological therapy, and acupuncture accompanied by pain counseling.

Furthermore, in neuropathic pain caused by medical conditions such as diabetes, treatment may emphasize on the management of the condition and improvement of quality of life by preventing further nerve damage.

In some cases, an invasive or implantable device may be used to manage the pain.

Collard Green is a species of Brassica Oleracea, belongings to the family Brassicaceae with unknown origin. Today, the plant is cultivated commercially for its thick, slightly bitter edible leaves.

With an aim to find a potential compound for the treatment of neuropathic pain, researchers investigated sulforaphane (SFN), a derivative of glucoraphanin present in cruciferous vegetables on inflammation-related diseases.

According to the tested analysis, SFN showed an anti-nociceptive effect in a neuropathic pain mouse model, sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI).

Furthermore, SFN injected intraperitoneally for 7 days inhibited the when pain behaviors, including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in CCI mice.

Moreover, SFN at a dose-dependently also attenuated CCI-induced pain behavioral hypersensitivity, by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 that cause d neuropathic pain in mice and exhibiting the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-10 associated with pain relief.

More importantly, CCI enhancement of COX2 and iNOS in the induction of nerves injury were also counteracted by the administration of SFN.

Additionally, SFN treatment also increased the CCI-induced increase in µ-opioid receptors that are responsible for the analgesics, in injured sciatic nerves.

Based on the results, researchers said, "SFN has both anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions"

Taken altogether, collard green processed a high amount of SFN may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of neuropathic pain, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of sulforaphane in chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain mice by Wang C1, Wang C. (PubMed)
(2) The prevalence of probable neuropathic pain in the US: results from a multimodal general-population health survey by Marco D DiBonaventura,1 Alesia Sadosky,2 Kristen Concialdi,1 Markay Hopps,2 Ian Kudel,1Bruce Parsons,2 Joseph C Cappelleri,3 Patrick Hlavacek,2 Andrea H Alexander,2Brett R Stacey,4 John D Markman,5 and John T Farrar. (PMC)