Phytochemical Betacyanins Inhibits the Parameters Which Cause the Onset of Cognitive Deficit

By Kyle J. Norton

Cognitive deficit is a medical condition associated with the impairment of a person's mental processes and the ability to acquire information and knowledge that interact with the outside world.

Most common causes of cognitive deficit include the genetic preposition, birth defects that affect the central nervous system such as Down syndrome and fragile X syndrome, malnutrition, prematurity, and conditions that were caused decreased oxygen to the brain.

Some researchers suggested that age degeneration, neurons injury that causes the death of some neurons involved in cognition, brain cancer in the cognitive region and environmental factors also associated with the risk of cognitive deficit.

Some early signs and symptoms of cognitive deficits may include signs of global developmental delay in childhood such as language, walking, self-care skills, and/or imitative play, delay cognitive skill compared to the most children in the same age, particularly difficult in performing of school works.

If your child has some of the social, adaptive, cognitive, language, gross motor and fine motor problem, please check with his/her doctor to rule out the possibility of cognitive deficit.

As of today, there is no cure for the cognitive deficit. The aim of the treatment is to improve the quality of life and reduce symptoms and delay the progression of the diseases.

Betacyanins are phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

With an aim to find a potential and natural ingredient for the treatment of cognitive deficit, researchers assessed the protective effect of betacyanins isolated from Portulaca oleracea L. against the D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurotoxicity in mice.

Based on the behavioral tests, D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurotoxicity in mice treated by betacyanins showed a strong effect on the improvement of learning and memory impairments.

Additionally, the levels of brain antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in D-gal-treated mice were significantly increased by the injection of betacyanins.

Furthermore, lipid peroxidation product found in the brain tissues and neurons such as malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased by betacyanin administration.

Moreover, levels of the activities of SOD, CAT GR, and GPx in the mouse brain, had a significant negative correlation compared to the positive correlation of the level of MDA with the mouse cognitive impairment.

In other words, oxidative stress caused by D-galactose (D-gal)-induced neurotoxicity induced low levels of antioxidants enzymes such as SOD, CAT GR and GPx in the mouse brain were restored by the injection of betacyanins.

Based on the finding, researchers wrote in the final report, "These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of betacyanins against D-gal-induced neurotoxicity might be caused, at least in part, by an increase in the activities of antioxidant enzymes with a reduction in lipid peroxidation" and "the betacyanins had a more pronounced effect on ameliorating cognition deficits in mice".

Taken altogether, betacyanins may be considered a remedy for the prevention and treatment of cognition deficits, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betacyanins in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Betacyanins from Portulaca oleracea L. ameliorate cognition deficits and attenuate oxidative induced by D-galactose in the brains of senescent mice by Chang-Quan Wang, and Gui-Qin Yang. (Research Gate)