3,3'-Diindolylmethane Protects the Integrity of Liver Against Chronic Liver Disease

By Kyle J. Norton


Chronic liver diseases are the medical condition that causes the reduce function of the liver. In a serious case, chronic liver disease can lead to liver failure.

In other words, chronic liver diseases are liver diseases that last more than 6 months, including liver viral inflammation, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

The liver is a large organ in the human body that filters out the blood which comes from the intestines before passing them to other parts of the body.

The largest organ also produces cholesterol to aid digestion, build a strong cell wall and produce steroids hormones and vitamin D.

According to the statistics provided by the UK, liver diseases are ranked as the fifth most common cause of death in the UK and have a steady tendency to increase over the years. 

In the US, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver diseases which affect over 100 100 million Americans.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a medical condition caused fat accumulated in the liver over time probably due to poor diet and physical inactivity. The disease is one of the major cause of cirrhosis associated with liver cancer and liver failure.

Most common symptoms of chronic liver disease include loss of appetite, jaundice, persistent itching, fluid buildup in the belly, vomiting blood caused by the bleeding of often from bleeding in the esophagus.

3,3'-Diindolylmethane or DIM are phytochemicals derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol, belonging to the group of Indoles, found abundantly in broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, and kale, etc.

With an aim to discover a potential ingredient which process liver protective effect, researchers investigated the effect of indoles, including indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its derivatives I3C polymerizes into 3, 3- diindolylmethane (DIM) on chronic liver disease.

In vivo and vitro, indoles showed to regulate transcriptional factors and their respective signaling pathways associated with the production of proteins involved in the pro-inflammatory expression.

Furthermore, indoles also promoted the production of antioxidant enzymes against overexpression of levels of free radicals induced oxidative stress.

Moreover, administration of indoles in vivo and vitro also inhibited microRNA to influence the activation, proliferation, and apoptosis of target liver cells.

In other words, indoles protect the liver integrity by modulating the enzymes involved in hepatitis viral replication, lipogenesis, and the metabolism of ethanol and some hepatotoxicity.

Additonally, the bioactive compound was also found to process immunomodulatory biofunction in improving non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. 

Overall, the indole liver protective effects were attributed to its function as anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to reduce microbial-induced liver injuries inhibitors.

Dr. Wang SQ, the lead scientist said, "Indoles, especially I3C and DIM as phytochemicals, exert anti-fibrosis, anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, detoxification and anti-inflammation effects on hepatic protection through pleiotropic mechanism".

Taken altogether, indoles, including 3,3'-Diindolylmethane derived from the digestion of indole-3-carbinol may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of chronic liver disease pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of 3,3'-diindolylmethane in form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) 3, 3'-Diindolylmethane alleviates steatosis and the progression of NASH partly through shifting the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells to Treg dominance by Liu Y1, She W1, Wang F1, Li J2, Wang J1, Jiang W. (PubMed)
(2) Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) and its Major Derivatives: Their Pharmacokinetics and Important Roles in Hepatic Protection by Wang SQ, Cheng LS, Liu Y, Wang JY, Jiang W. (PubMed)