Whole Food Tomato Modulates Hormone Angiotensin Against the Onset of Heart Disease

By Kyle J. Norton

Under normal condition, angiotensin is a type of hormone, belongings to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), that regulates the constriction of blood vessels and blood pressure.

The hormone also plays a critical role in the retention of sodium by the kidney through its stimulation of the production of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex activated by the nerves (neurological)that is responsible for the desire for salt.

However, overexpression of angiotensin may induce fluid and sodium retention, blood vessels to constrict and increase blood pressure.

Most cases of overproduction of angiotensin have been found in patients with heart failure and an enlarged heart.

On the other hand, underexpression of angiotensin may lead to retention of potassium, reduced levels of sodium and fluid and lower blood pressure.

According to the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, overproduction of angiotensin II the other members of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), seems to be one of the most aggressive, often causing several principal diseases such as arteriosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. 

Furthermore, angiotensin II also is found to induce vascular damage mediated by the activation of transcription factors, redox signaling systems, and production of endogenous growth factors that lead to an induced immune response in the production of inflammatory cytokines.

Based on the results, researchers found that by reviewing the complexity of the RAS in pathological processes, RAS blockers may provide some mechanistic responses to the beneficial effects in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Tomato is red, edible fruit, genus Solanum, belonging to family Solanaceae, native to South America. Because of its health benefits, the tomato is grown worldwide for the commercial purpose
and often in the greenhouse.

With an aim to find the natural ingredient for the treatment of blood vessel constriction, researchers examined the anti-angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) factors in aqueous extract of tomato.

The study included sugar-free tomato extract (TE) which was tested for its anti-ACE activity using human plasma and rabbit lung pure ACE.

In 100 g tomatoes produced 72.2 ± 4.7 mg of TE used in the experiment, researchers found the extract inhibited plasma ACE activity in a dose-dependent manner.

The TE maximum effect in the inhibition of ACE enzyme was found to be at an IC50 value of 1.40 ± 0.04 mg/ml.

Furthermore, the commercially available sugar-free TE, Fruitflow(®)-2 showed similar amounts of catechin also exerted a similar inhibitory potency against plasma ACE activity.

In order to find more information about tomato anti ACE activity, researchers examined the effect of lycopene on angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells.

In this study, tested H9c2 cells were divided into 6 groups: control group, Ang II group (1 µmol/L), Ang II (1 µmol/L) + low dose Lyc (3.125 nmol/L) group, Ang II (1 µmol/L) + moderate dose Lyc (6.25 nmol/L) group and Ang II (1 µmol/L) + high dose Lyc (12.5 nmol/L) group and Lyc group (12.5 nnmol/L).

Groups treated with lycopene showed significant improvement of cell survival and reduction of ROS generation in a dose-dependent manner compared to control.

Co-treatment of lycopene also reversed the levels of MDA significantly increased in Ang II-treated cells, in a dose-dependent manner.

Furthermore, the levels of a protein associated with oxidative stress caused by the cascade of free radicals found in Ang II-treated cells also inhibited upon the injection of lycopene.

Based on the finding, researchers said, "Lyc could attenuate Ang II-induced oxidative stress and this effect is linked with its capacity of reducing ROS generation and enhancing cellular ROS scavenging ability in H9c2 cells".

Taken altogether, tomatoes may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of angiotensin caused by oxidative stress, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of lycopene in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme by aqueous extract of tomato by Biswas D1, Uddin MM, Dizdarevic LL, Jørgensen A, Duttaroy AK. (PubMed)
(2) [Lycopene attenuates angiotensin II induced oxidative stress in H9c2 cells]. [Article in Chinese] by Liu Y1, Tang Q2, Hu Z1, Deng W1, Li L. (PubMed)
(3) Angiotensin II overproduction: enemy of the vessel wall by R. Ferrari1, G. Guardigli1, G. Cicchitelli1, M. Valgimigli1, E Merli1, O. Soukhomorskaia1 and C. Ceconi. (University of Ferrara, Ferrara)
(4) Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Vascular Diseases by M. Ruiz-Ortega, O. Lorenzo, M.Rupérez, V. Esteban, Y. Suzuki, S. Mezzano, J.J. Plaza, and J. Egido. (Hypertension)