Cucumber Protects the Blood Vessels Against the Risk and Onset of Vascular Disease

By Kyle J. Norton

Vascular disease is a disease associated with an abnormal condition of the blood vessels, affecting the blood flow to the body.

There are many types of vascular disease, including
* Stroke caused by the blockage of blood flow to the brain, leading to the death of the neurons.

* Peripheral artery disease (PAD), a disease is caused by reduced blood flow to the limbs 

* Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), is a condition of a localized enlargement of the abdominal aorta.

*Carotid artery disease (CAD) is a condition caused by plaque builds up inside the carotid arteries. of the neck.

* Arteriovenous malformation (AVM), is a condition associated with an abnormal tangle of blood vessels connecting arteries and veins.

*Pulmonary embolism (blood clots) is a condition caused by the sudden blockage of an artery in the lung,

* Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is caused by a blood clot formed in a vein deep.

Symptoms of vascular disease are totally depending on the types of conditions. 

According to the statistics, vascular diseases are becoming an epidemic in the US. Approximately 8.5 million people in the US are living with Peripheral artery disease (PAD), one of the most common types of vascular disease.

Some researchers suggested that the rise of aging patients with vascular disease may be correlated to the promotion of high-fat diet over the past few decades in inducing a large population with obesity and Type II diabetes in the US.

Dr. Morteza Mowlaie, the lead scientist wrote, " Significant positive association between left ventricular hypertrophy and plaque score and also a significant positive association between left ventricular hypertrophy with the presence of chest pain was found (p<0.05)"

And, "Association of diabetes mellitus with the presence of chest pain was positive. A positive correlation between hypertension with plaque score was demonstrated too (p<0.05). Also, an inverse association of plaque score with left ventricular ejection fraction was detected too (p<0.05)".

In other words, vascular disease is a condition associated with patients with obesity and diabetes.

The cucumber plant is a species of Cucumis Sativus, belongings to the family Cucurbitaceae and native to Western Asia. It is a creeping vine with roots in the ground and grows up with the support of frames.

With an aim to find a potential ingredient for the treatment of impaired cells of the endothelium in the onset of many chronic and acute vascular diseases, researches examined the effect of cucumbers water/ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus L. (CSE) fruit on the damaging effect of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

In vitro, a model of endothelial cells induced overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are incubated with a water/ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus L. (CSE) fruit.

CSE protected the integrity and viability of endothelial cells against LPS-induced cytotoxicity and decreased the cellular detachment, restoring the expression of tight junction ZO-1 that interacts with proteins associated with adherens junctions.

The increase of TLR4 expression associated with pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity caused by LPS was also inhibited by the injection of CSE.

Futhermore, CSE also protected the endothelial cells by increasing the function of gene Heme oxygenase (HO)-1 involved in inhibition of oxidative stress.

Moreover, CSE not only inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by the administration of LPS but also exhibited the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and its detoxed enzymes.

Additonally, also in vitro, the angiogenesis induced by inflammatory LPS was prevented by the presence of Cucumis sativus L. extract (CSE), at any doses tested.

After taking into account other factors, researchers suggested that Cucumis sativus L. extract has attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in endothelial cells, thus reducing the onset of many chronic and acute vascular diseases.

Taken altogether, cucumber may be used for the treatment of chronic and acute vascular diseases, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of CuB in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Water/ethanol extract of Cucumis sativus L. fruit attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in endothelial cells by Bernardini C1, Zannoni A2, Bertocchi M2, Tubon I2, Fernandez M2, Forni M. (PubMed)
(2) Close association of arterial plaques with left ventricular hypertrophy and ejection fraction in hemodialysis patients by Morteza Mowlaie 1 and Hamid Nasri. (PMC)