Phytochemical Betanin, Isolated from Beetroot May Be a Potential Anti Skin Cancer Bioactive Compound

By Kyle J. Norton

Skin cancer is a chronic and medical condition caused by cell growth irregular in the inner layer of the skin.

Skin is the largest organ in our body that covers the bone, inner organs, and tissues with a function to protect our body against the invasion of foreign pathogens.

Skin also plays an essential role to eliminate the toxins from our body, if the liver and kidney fail to do so.

Believe it or not, skin cancer accounts for more than half of the cancers diagnosed every year in the US.

As of today, 58 million Americans are living with skin cancer and one in five Americans will develop skin cancer by the age of 70.

Skin cancer is caused by a number of factors. People with fair skin, a  history of sunburns, excessive sun exposure, moles, precancerous skin lesions and a  family and personal history of skin cancer are found to the increased risk of the disease.

Some researchers suggested regardless of ethnicity and skin tone, people who live in sunny or high-altitude climates are more likely to develop skin cancer compared to people who do not.

Dr. Abrar A. Qureshi, wrote, " The risk of SCC is independently affected by residence in locations with medium and high UV indices,  the gradient of risk is weaker for BCC, and the risk of melanoma does not change significantly across this gradient.

And, "Geographic location and UV radiation have been implicated as risk-modifying factors for melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma,...".

Betanin is Phytochemicals in the class of red and yellow indole-derived pigments of Betacyanins, belonging to the group of Betalains, found abundantly in beets, chard, etc.

On finding a potential compound for the treatment of skin cancer, researchers evaluated the betanin, a major compound isolated from beetroot skin protective effect.

The study included mouse skin tumor promotion with 3430 J/m(2) of ultraviolet light-B (UV-B) was pretreated by oral administration of 0.0025% betanin.

Betanin showed a significant protective effect in the inhibition of skin damage caused by the exposure to the ultraviolet light-B (UV-B).

Furthermore, at the same dose, betanin also afforded significant protection in the mouse skin cancer model caused by topical application of 390 nmol of (+/-)-(E)-4-methyl-2-[(E)-hydroxyamino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexanamide (NOR-1) in 100 microl of acetone and 1.7 nmol of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).

Based on the findings, suggest that betanin at a very low dose may be considered a regularly consumed natural product colorant and an effective cancer chemopreventive agent in vivo.

Taken altogether, betanin may be considered supplements for the prevention and treatment of skin cancer, pending to the confirmation of the larger sample size and multicenter human study.

Intake of betanin in the form of supplement should be taken with extreme care to prevent overdose acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Chemoprevention of DMBA-induced UV-B promoted, NOR-1-induced TPA promoted skin carcinogenesis, and DEN-induced phenobarbital promoted liver tumors in mice by extract of beetroot by Kapadia GJ1, Azuine MA, Sridhar R, Okuda Y, Tsuruta A, Ichiishi E, Mukainake T, Takasaki M, Konoshima T, Nishino H, Tokuda H. (PubMed)
(2) Chemoprevention of lung and skin cancer by Beta vulgaris (beet) root extract by Kapadia GJ1, Tokuda H, Konoshima T, Nishino H. (PubMed)
(3) Geographic Variation and Risk of Skin Cancer in US WomenDifferences Between Melanoma, Squamous Cell Carcinoma, and Basal Cell Carcinoma by Abrar A. Qureshi, MD, MPH; Francine Laden, ScD; Graham A. Colditz, MD, DrPH. (JAMA Network)