Allyl isothiocyanate, the Potential Anti Liver Cancer Bioactive Ingredient

By Kyle J. Norton

Scientists may have discovered a bioactive compound isolated from horseradish for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, according to the studies.

Liver cancer is a medical condition caused by irregular cell growth in the liver. Most cases of primary liver cancer start in the cells on the surface of the inner lining of the liver. At the early stage of liver cancer, the patient may not experience any symptoms.

However, at the later stage, the overgrowth of tumor in the liver may suppress the nearby tissue and nerve cells, leading to localized symptoms and severe pain.

According to the world standard statistics, the onset of liver cancer rate is 10.1 per 100,000 people (15.3 in males and 5.3 in females). 

The highest mortality rates occurred observed in the East Asian countries probably due to the high incidence of hepatitis virus. 

The world standardized mortality rate for liver cancer is 9.5 per 100,000 people (14.3 in males and 5.1 in females).

The most common risk factor of liver cancer is associated with the hepatitis viral infection. People with chronic infection with HBV or HCV are found in the high percentage of patients with liver cancer.

Dr. Marc Ringehan, in the concern of the high percentage of hepatitis viral carriers in the risk of liver cancer said, "Hepatitis B and C viruses are a global health problem causing acute and chronic infections that can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)" and "Owing to its high incidence and resistance to treatment, liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with HCC representing approximately 90% of all primary liver cancer cases".

" (Particularly, hepatitis B virus infection can promote HCC development without prior end-stage liver disease".

These results clearly reaffirmed the risk of liver cancer in population carrying the hepatitis B and C.

In fact, people who are chronically infected with hepatitis B have a 25% to 40% lifetime risk of developing liver cancer.

Allyl isothiocyanate is phytochemical containing sulfur in the class of organosulfur compound, found abundantly in horseradish, mustard, wasabi, etc.

With an aim to find a natural compound for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, researchers looked into Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), a bioactive ingredient and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugate anti-liver cancer effects through the SK-Hep1 cells line.

Application of AITC exerted a significant activity in the inhibition of genes and proteins associated with suppressing tumor cell migration and activating cytokines and chemokines to regulate tissue remodeling.

At 25% for 10 micros, AITC suppressed SK-Hep 1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.

At 0.1-5 microM, AITC inhibited a significant MMP-2/-9 expression in SK-Hep1 cells compared with controls associated with the decrease of MMP-2/-9 messenger RNA levels.

However, AITC inhibited cancer cell adhesion and invasion much less potently compared to NAC-AITC.

Dr. Hwang ES and colleagues at the Seoul National University, said, "NAC-AITC at 5 microM caused excellent inhibition of cell migration for 48 hrs. These results demonstrate the potential of AITC and NAC-AITC as chemopreventive agents".

Taken altogether, Phytochemical Allyl isothiocyanate may be used for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer, pending to the confirmation of large sample size and multicenter human study.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Allyl isothiocyanate influences cell adhesion, migration and metalloproteinase gene expression in SK-Hep1 cells by Hwang ES1, Kim GH. (PubMed)
(2) Allyl isothiocyanate and its N-acetylcysteine conjugate suppress metastasis via inhibition of invasion, migration, and matrix metalloproteinase-2/-9 activities in SK-Hep 1 human hepatoma cells by Hwang ES1, Lee HJ. (PubMed)
(3) Viral hepatitis and liver cancer by Marc Ringehan,1,2,3 Jane A. McKeating,4,5 and Ulrike Protzer. (PMC)