Phytochemical Anacardic Acids, Kills Prostate Cancer Cells in Vivo and Vitro

By Kyle J. Norton

Anacardic acids may process a significant effect in reducing the risk and treatment of prostate cancer, some scientists suggested.

Prostate cancer is a chronic medical condition characterized by cell growth disorderly and uncontrollably in the prostate tissue.

Most cases of prostate cancer start on the cell of the surface of the prostate inner lining due to unknown mechanisms that alter the prostate cells DNA.

Most prostate cancers and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.

Prostate cancer is very slowly cancer.

The exact causes of prostate cancer are debatable.

People who were infected by the prostate cell change may not feel any symptoms until they are the age of 50 or over.

Aging, ethnicity, family history and hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome associated with DNA-repair mutations to the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 genes, exposure to toxic chemicals are the most common risk factors associated to the onset of the diseases.

However, most men who have some of the above risk factors do not develop prostate cancer.

Some researchers in the comparison of prostate cancer risk in men who follow different diets and lifestyle suggested, the risk of prostate cancer increased substantially in men who follow the Western diet high saturated fat and trans fat, red meat, and processed foods and low in fruits and vegetable and whole grains.

On the other hand, the risk of prostate cancer decreases in men who have followed the traditional diet.

Dr.Roberto Fabiani, the lead author at the University of Perugia, in the study "A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" said, " The Healthy pattern was not related to PC risk (OR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88–1.04) while the Western pattern significantly increased it (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08–1.65)".

Men who are at higher risk of prostate cancer due to family history and ethnicity may lower the risk by changing of diet pattern with more fruits and vegetable and less red meat and processed foods.

Anacardic acids are phenolic lipids, phytochemicals of the organic acid found abundantly in cashews, mangoes, etc..

In the study to reaffirm the anti-prostate cancer effect of Anacardic acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic acid), a natural inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase from Amphipterygium adstringens, researchers at the East China Normal University conducted an investigation to examine whether this salicylic acid could block angiogenesis.

Application of Anacardic acid significantly suppressed the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)in the induction of prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion and capillary-like structure formation of primary cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) without detecting cellular toxicity.

Anacardic acid also effectively inhibited vascular development in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane ex vivo (n = 10) and VEGF-triggered corneal neovascularization in vivo.

In mice bearing human prostate tumor xenografts (n = 6-7), application of anacardic acid (2 mg/kg per day) inhibited the volume and weight of solid tumors through apoptosis.

Furthermore, application of anacardic acid retarded the prostate tumor cell proliferation and microvessel density.

Additionally, Anacardic acid (AA) as a mixture of 2-hydroxy-6-alkylbenzoic acid homologs also inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation, induces G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of LNCaP cell.

After taking into account co and confounders, researchers discovered that AA-induced the LNCaP cells apoptosis may be due to the following aspects
* AA can regulate p300 transcription and protein level against the processes of cell proliferation and differentiation.in LNCaP cells.

* AA can activate p53 through its function as a regulator of the cell cycle and a tumor suppression against LNCaP cells.

* AA can down-regulates androgen receptor (AR) through suppressing p300 in the development and progression of prostate cancer.  

The results suggested that AA process multiple anti-tumor activities in LNCaP cells.

Taken altogether, Anacardic acids may be considered a functional phytochemical for the prevention of prostate cancer and combined with the primary therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer, without inducing any side effects, depending on the large and multicenter human study.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.

References
(1) Anacardic acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic acid) inhibits tumor angiogenesis by targeting Src/FAK/Rho GTPases signaling pathway by Wu Y, He L, Zhang L, Chen J, Yi Z, Zhang J, Liu M, Pang X.(PubMed)
(2) Anacardic acid (6-pentadecylsalicylic acid) induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells through inhibition of androgen receptor and activation of p53 signaling by Tan J, Chen B, He L, Tang Y, Jiang Z, Yin G, Wang J, Jiang X.(PubMed)
(3) A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Roberto Fabiani,1,* Liliana Minelli,2 Gaia Bertarelli,3 and Silvia Bacci. (PMC)