White Button Mushroom Which inhibits the Onset of Prostate cancer

By Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrition

White button mushroom may be considered a functional food in inhibiting the early onset of prostate cancer, some scientist found.

Prostate cancer is cancer originated from the inner lining of the prostate gland caused by irregular prostate cell growth. Prostate cancer is a slow growing cancer. However, they can be deadly in the advanced stage by traveling a distance away to infect other healthy tissue and organs.

Most prostate cancers are found in the yearly annual physical exam, designed for the male at a higher risk of prostate cancer.

The exact causes of prostate cancer are unknown. However, the most common risk factor associated with the onset of the disease is genetic mutation inherited from the parents. mutation of BRCA1 and BRCA2 reserves the function of tumor suppressor genes which normally repair mistakes in a cell's DNA to allow DNA mutation of the prostate cells.

Other risk factors also include age, family history, ethnicity and longterm exposure to organ agents.

Unhealthy diet and lifestyle are also the most common preventable risk factors for the onset of the disease.

Dr. Sandaly O. S. Pacheco,, the lead author in the study "Food Habits, Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Central Argentina: A Case-Control Study Involving Self-Motivated Health Behavior Modifications after Diagnosis" wrote, "(Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer have) a greater mean consumption of meats and fats and lower intakes of fruits, green vegetables, cruciferous vegetables, legumes, nuts, seeds, and whole grains than the controls (all p < 0.001)".

Therefore, reducing the intake of meats and fats, and actively engaging in the dietary modifications with increased consumption of fish, fruits (including red fruits in prostate cancer), cruciferous vegetables, legumes, nuts, and black tea may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.

Mushroom is a standard name of white button mushroom, the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus produced above ground on soil or on its food source.

 It is a genus A. Muscaria and belonging to the family Amanitaceae and has been recultivated in many cultures all over the world for foods and health benefits.

Chemical constituents
Astraodorol, Psilocybin, Lectin, adustin, ribonuclease, nicotine, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methylbenzoic acid, orsellinic acid, melleolide, ergosterol, genistein, daidzein, daucosterol, genistin, uracil, and D-mannitol.

In the evaluate the effects of white button mushroom extract and its major component, conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on prostate cancer cell lines in vitro and mushroom extract in vivo, researchers found that

* Injection of mushroom effectively inhibits cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and induces apoptosis of the tested cell lines within 72 h of treatment.

* Application of CLA inhibits proliferation in the prostate cancer cell lines in vitro.

* DU145 and PC3 prostate tumor size and tumor cell proliferation are decreased in nude mice treated with mushroom extract, whereas tumor cell apoptosis was increased compared to pair-fed controls.* Application of mushroom in tested mice demonstrated the significant changes in the tumor gene expression compared to controls, according to microarray analysis.

Dr. Adams LS the lead author said, "..., the anticancer potential of phytochemicals in mushroom extract both in vitro and in vivo and supports the recommendation of white button mushroom as a dietary component that may aid in the prevention of prostate cancer in men".

Furthermore, in the study to examine whether Mushrooms, an excellent source of dietary vitamin D2 in the risk of prostate cancer, researchers launched a nested case-control study based on a 13-year follow-up of about 19,000 middle-aged men who attended the first screening visit within the Helsinki Heart Study and free of clinically verified prostate cancer at baseline.

According to record linkage with the files of the Finnish Cancer Registry, 149 prostate cancer cases were identified in the cohort.

After the assessment, researchers found that

* Prostate cancer risk, analyzed by quartiles of the 25-VD levels, was inversely related to 25-VD. In other words, men with a 25-VD concentration below the median are associated with the risk of prostate cancer compared to men with the 25-VD level above the median.

* The prostate cancer risk was highest among younger men (<52 years) at entry and low serum 25-VD (OR 3.1 nonadjusted and 3.5 adjusted).

* The mean age at diagnosis of the patients with a 25-VD concentration above the median was 1.8 years higher than that of patients with vitamin D below the median (63.1 vs 61.3 years).

These results strongly suggested that low levels of plasma 25-VD concentration are a prevalent risk factor of the onset of prostate cancer. In other words, increased consumption of mushroom can increase and maintain blood levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a healthy range, thus reducing the risk of prostate cancer, regardless of age group.


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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrition, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published online, including worldwide health, ezine articles, article base, health blogs, self-growth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bioscience, ISSN 0975-6299.
References
(a) [Chemical constituents from fungus Armillaria mellea]. by [Article in Chinese] by Yuan XL1, Yan LH, Zhang QW, Wang ZM.(PubMed)
(1) Prostate Cancer (Health tips for better living and living health)
(2) White button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) exhibits antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties and inhibits prostate tumor growth in athymic mice by Adams LS1, Phung S, Wu X, Ki L, Chen S.(PubMed)
(3) Photobiology of vitamin D in mushrooms and its bioavailability in humans by Keegan RJ, Lu Z, Bogusz JM, Williams JE, Holick MF. (PubMed)
(4) Prostate cancer risk and prediagnostic serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels (Finland) by Merja H. Ahonen, Leena Tenkanen, Lyly Teppo, Matti Hakama, Pentti Tuohimaa (Springer link)