According to US statistic, the rate has been falling sharply by 24 % from 2000 t0 2012 in age group of 65 and older. And the average age of people diagnosed with dementia in 2000, are 80.7 in compared to 82,4% in 2012(1).
One in 10 people will be diagnosed of dementia as some point in their lifetime. And 5.7 million Americans of all ages are living with Alzheimer's dementia in 2018.
Sadly, Alzheimer's disease is the sixth-leading cause of death in the United States, and the fifth-leading cause of death among those age 65 and older(2).
Unfortunately, the prevalent risk of dementia have escalated substantially in the East due to economic prosperity over last 30 years in increased living standard of population over a billion.
As a large percentage of these population are followers of Western diet as they have made a lots of money in compared to others and the past.
Dementia is the loss of mental ability that is severe enough to interfere with people's every day quality of life.
And, Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in aging people.
Genetic mutation is a condition of changes of DNA structure and alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype(169). There are always a concern of some dementia patients with inherited trails for passing them to their children.
According to medical literature, genes mutation, specific genes that cause autosomal dominant dementia in the family may increase substantial risk of early onset dementia.
However, one must also include disease-causing genes mutation as it is the most common age-related dementia.
Certain genes, according to Medline studies are associated to early onset of dementia, including
1. Linkage of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) to 2q35-q26
Genetic mutation of chromosome 2q35-q36 Lewy bodies (DLB) are multiplex, due to its complex mechanism than generally monogenic disorders. Identifying the first familial DLB gene may contribute to an entry point of DLB pathology, according to Belgian family,researchers(170)
2. VCP gene R155H mutation
Some patients in the same family with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been diagnosed with high risk of cognitive decline due to the recurrent R155Hmutation, according to University of Genova(171).
3. Genetic mutation and Alzheimer's disease
4 genes have been identified to affect development of AD. with the amyloid precursor protein (APP ) gene, presenillin gene (PSEN-1), and presenillin gene (PSEN-1)) affect younger people, and apolipoprotein E (APOE ) iaffects older people(172).
4. Chromosome 3 (FTD-3) caused by a truncating mutation in CHMP2B
Presymptomatic CHMP2B mutation was found to associate to significantly decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) affecting brain capillaries(173) and contributing to the early on set of dementia.
5. Mutations in the NOTCH3
Mutations in the NOTCH3 gene are responsible for hereditary stroke disorder, contributed to an adult onset of hereditary ischemic stroke, vascular dementia and psychiatric disorders(174).
References
(1) U.S. Dementia Rates Are Dropping Even as Population Ages, by NewYork Time
(2) 2018 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE FACTS AND FIGURES by Alzheimer's Association
(169) Smoking: effects on multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease progression by Dean M. Wingerchuk(PMC)
(170) Comprehensive genetic and mutation analysis of familial dementia with Lewy bodies linked to 2q35-q36 by Meeus B1, Nuytemans K, Crosiers D, Engelborghs S, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Elinck E, Corsmit E, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Theuns J.(PubMed)
(171) Inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia: recurrence of the VCP R155H mutation in an Italian family and implications for genetic counselling by Viassolo V1, Previtali SC, Schiatti E, Magnani G, Minetti C, Zara F, Grasso M, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Di Maria E.(PubMed)
(172) About Dementia Types of Dementia Genetic Mutations(Dementia guide)
(173) Presymptomatic cerebral blood flow changes in CHMP2B mutation carriers of familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD-3), measured with MRI. by Lunau L1, Mouridsen K, Rodell A, Ostergaard L, Nielsen JE, Isaacs A, Johannsen P; FReJA Consortium.(PubMed)
(174) Novel mutation of the notch3 gene in arabic family with CADASIL. by Bohlega S1.(PubMed)
Certain genes, according to Medline studies are associated to early onset of dementia, including
1. Linkage of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) to 2q35-q26
Genetic mutation of chromosome 2q35-q36 Lewy bodies (DLB) are multiplex, due to its complex mechanism than generally monogenic disorders. Identifying the first familial DLB gene may contribute to an entry point of DLB pathology, according to Belgian family,researchers(170)
2. VCP gene R155H mutation
Some patients in the same family with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been diagnosed with high risk of cognitive decline due to the recurrent R155Hmutation, according to University of Genova(171).
3. Genetic mutation and Alzheimer's disease
4 genes have been identified to affect development of AD. with the amyloid precursor protein (APP ) gene, presenillin gene (PSEN-1), and presenillin gene (PSEN-1)) affect younger people, and apolipoprotein E (APOE ) iaffects older people(172).
4. Chromosome 3 (FTD-3) caused by a truncating mutation in CHMP2B
Presymptomatic CHMP2B mutation was found to associate to significantly decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) affecting brain capillaries(173) and contributing to the early on set of dementia.
5. Mutations in the NOTCH3
Mutations in the NOTCH3 gene are responsible for hereditary stroke disorder, contributed to an adult onset of hereditary ischemic stroke, vascular dementia and psychiatric disorders(174).
(1) U.S. Dementia Rates Are Dropping Even as Population Ages, by NewYork Time
(2) 2018 ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE FACTS AND FIGURES by Alzheimer's Association
(169) Smoking: effects on multiple sclerosis susceptibility and disease progression by Dean M. Wingerchuk(PMC)
(170) Comprehensive genetic and mutation analysis of familial dementia with Lewy bodies linked to 2q35-q36 by Meeus B1, Nuytemans K, Crosiers D, Engelborghs S, Peeters K, Mattheijssens M, Elinck E, Corsmit E, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Theuns J.(PubMed)
(171) Inclusion body myopathy, Paget's disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia: recurrence of the VCP R155H mutation in an Italian family and implications for genetic counselling by Viassolo V1, Previtali SC, Schiatti E, Magnani G, Minetti C, Zara F, Grasso M, Dagna-Bricarelli F, Di Maria E.(PubMed)
(172) About Dementia Types of Dementia Genetic Mutations(Dementia guide)
(173) Presymptomatic cerebral blood flow changes in CHMP2B mutation carriers of familial frontotemporal dementia (FTD-3), measured with MRI. by Lunau L1, Mouridsen K, Rodell A, Ostergaard L, Nielsen JE, Isaacs A, Johannsen P; FReJA Consortium.(PubMed)
(174) Novel mutation of the notch3 gene in arabic family with CADASIL. by Bohlega S1.(PubMed)
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