Herbal Therapy: Anise in Reduced Risk, Progression and Treatment of Gastric Ulcers

Kyle J. Norton

Anise may have a potential and substantial effect in reduced risk and progression and treatment of gastric ulcers, some scientists suggested.

Anise is a flowering plant ofthe species of Pimpinella anisum, genus Pimpinella, belongings to the family Apiaceae native to to Egypt and the Mediterranean region, used in traditional herbal medicine as fragrance in soaps, oils, and mouth fresheners and stomachic, anti-septic, anti-spasmodic, ....


Chemical comstituents
Anethole, D-pinene, I-phellandrene, Alpha-terpineol, Safrol, Methyl chavicol, Resin, Shikimic acid, etc.

In the evaluate the claim of Unani and Arabian traditional medicine practitioners on the gastroprotective potential effect by using 80% ethanol, 0.2 mol/L NaOH, 25% NaCl and indomethacininduced gastric ulceration and secretion in rat model, researhcers found that application of doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of Anise exert a significant protective activity against basal gastric acid secretion, acidity and completely inhibited the rumenal ulceration caused by necrotizing agents, by initiating production of depleted levels of gastric mucosal NP-SH and gastric wall mucus concentration.

Further analysis suggested that the anti gastric ulcers of Anise suspension was attributed the herbal medicine antioxidants in enhnaced production of hormone prostaglandins in inhibited levels of gastric secretion.

The hormone has been study intensively for protection and treatment of gastric ulcer by some scientists due to its effect in promoted rapid restitution of the superficial epithelium of the gastric mucosa and preservation of the deeper layers through the ability of the hormones in inhibited gastric secretion, stimulated bicarbonate secretion, and increased gastric blood volume.

According to Dr. Wilson DE, "Orally administered prostaglandin analogues have been helpful in some patients who failed to heal with standard ulcer treatment and in smokers, who usually do not heal as well as nonsmokers".

Some researchers suggested that the prostaglandin analogues may be an ideal solution of patient who are at high risk for gastric lesions due to chronic consumers of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs or alcohol.

Moreover, in the investigation of the effect of essential oil isolated from Croton zehntneri (EOCZ), a plant native to northeastern Brazil and anethole at doses of 30–300 mg/kg, researchers found that the composition demonstrated a strongly and linearly gastroprotective effect against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric damage without changing to cold-restraint stress-induced ulcers in rats.

According to the measurement by Alcian blue binding assay, EOCZ and anethole (both at 30 and 300 mg/kg) similarly and significantly increased the mucus production by the gastric mucosa.

Additionally, the composition also consisted a significant effect on the volume of gastric juice, pH, or total acidity through its ability of EOCZ and anethole in enhanced production of gastric wall mucus.

The above of differentiation were supported by the study to test the major bioactive compound anethole effect in the ethanol-induced ulcer model in mice conducted by the joint investagation lead by Coordenação do Curso de Farmácia,

According to the results, after taking into account of other co founders, application of anethole (300 mg/kg) increased the level of gastric mucus, while derivatives (300 mg/kg) showed gastroprotective activity without affecting mucus secretion, through anethole antioxidant and anti inflammation activities.

By examining the antioxidant aspects in the experiment mice, researchers surprisingly found that anethole exhibited protective gastric effect through reduced oxidative stress caused by induced suspension in activated the gastric mucosal nitric oxide (NO) in maintaining gastric mucosal integrity, and improving production of the natural antioxidants in the host body, including glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxide (MDA, measured as malondialdehyde) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase.

Importantly, anethole also reduced oxidative stress in initiated levels of proinflammatory substances of plasma tumor necrosis factor-α with function involved in systemic inflammation in the acute phase reaction and interleukin-1β and IL-6 in regulated immune response in protect the host against bacterial and viral in induction of infection.

Taken together, herbal Anise and its majors chemical constituent anethole may be considered as a secondary therapy accompanied with conventional medicine for treatment of gastric ulcer. However, intake of Anise supplement should be taken extreme care in prevention of acute liver toxicity.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Aqueous suspension of anise “Pimpinella anisum” protects rats against chemically induced gastric ulcers by Ibrahim A Al Mofleh, Abdulqader A Alhaider, Jaber S Mossa, Mohammed O Al-Soohaibani, and Syed Rafatullah(PubMed Central Canada)
(2) Prostaglandins in peptic ulcer disease. Their postulated role in the pathogenesis and treatment by Wilson DE(PubMed)
(3) Anti-Ulcer Activity of Essential Oil Constituents Francisco de Assis Oliveira 1 , Luciana Nalone Andrade 2 , Élida Batista Vieira de Sousa 3 and Damião Pergentino de Sousa(Open Access)
(3) Essential oil of Croton zehntneri and its major constituent anethole display gastroprotective effect by increasing the surface mucous layer by Andrelina N. Coelho-de-Souza, Saad Lahlou, João E.F. Barreto, Maria E.M. Yum, Ariclécio C. Oliveira, Hermógenes D. Oliveira, Nathalia R. Celedônio, Roney G.F. Feitosa, Gloria P. Duarte, Cláudia F. Santos, Aline A.C. de Albuquerque, José H. Leal-Card(Fundamental and Clinical Pharmacology)