Food Therapy: Legume (Chickpea) For Reduced Risk and Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

Kyle J. Norton

Chickpeas may have a substantial and therapeutic effect in ameliorated production of proinflammatory cytokines in induction of symptoms of pain, swelling, redness,....during the early phase of infection, some scientists suggested.

Garbanzo beans also known as chickpea is an edible legume of genus Cicer and the family Fabaceae, high in protein and minerals. It is one of the earliest cultivated vegetables, native to Middle East.

Inflammation is a natural process of immune system in protect the damage tissues against invasion of foreign substances.

Evaluation of the effect of chickpea anti inflammatory activities may involve expression of several aspects and mechanisms.

Legume intake including chickpeas, in the study of 486 Tehrani female teachers expressed a strong effect in reduced levels of E-selectin induced by expression of cytokines during the inflammatory process, and down regulated of rapid E-selectin may have a profound effect to protect against chronic inflammation.


E-selectin, also known as CD62 antigen-like family member E (CD62E), is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on inflamed endothelial cells activated by inflammatory cytokines in acute phase of infection.

Further analysis also found that application of legume intake including chickpeas, exerted significant effects in lower levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, the markers in expression of inflammation. Increased median sICAM-1 serum concentration was considered as an indication of inflammation and  Lower the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a maker in expression of chronic inflammatory diseases.

Vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) is a protein expressed on the surface in activated endothelial cells.

Interestingly, the administration also exerted antioxidant effect in reduced serum concentrations of high sensitive CRP, a protein has been used to measure the risk of CVD and local inflammation, if presented in high levels and tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFα, which is a cell signalling involved in systemic inflammation, particularly in the acute phase infection, with function in regulated immune function during tissues damage, over expression of TNFα, may be an indication of serve inflammation.

More importantly, the inhibition of  interleukin-6 may also be another expression of the application effect in reduced gene interleukin-6 (IL-6) secreted by T cells and macrophages in production of pro inflammatory cytokine to induce the acute phase of inflammation.

Interleukin 6 (IL-6) is an interleukin with duo function of a pro-inflammatory cytokine and an anti-inflammatory myokine

Intrusively, in a randomized cross-over clinical trial investigated the effects of two intervention diets (non-soya legume-based therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) diet v. isoenergetic legume-free TLC diet) on inflammatory biomarkers among type 2 diabetic patients of 31 participants (twenty-four women and seven men; weight 74.5 (SD 7.0) kg; age 58.1 (SD 6.0) years) randomly assigned to one of the two following intervention diets for 8 weeks: legume-free TLC diet or non-soya legume-based TLC diet, researchers at the Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, found that the the non-soya legume-based TLC diet expressed a significantly supportive to above study by decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6 and TNF-α in overweight diabetic patients.

Taking altogether, legume included chickpeas expressed a significant effect in ameliorated inflammatory activities may be considered as an adjunct therapy used combined with standard treatment for chronic inflammatory diseases.

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Author Biography
Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
Named TOP 50 MEDICAL ESSAYS FOR ARTISTS & AUTHORS TO READ by Disilgold.com Named 50 of the best health Tweeters Canada - Huffington Post
Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Sources
(1) Legume consumption is inversely associated with serum concentrations of adhesion molecules and inflammatory biomarkers among Iranian women byEsmaillzadeh A1, Azadbakht L.(PubMed)
(2) Non-soya legume-based therapeutic lifestyle change diet reduces inflammatory status in diabetic patients: a randomised cross-over clinical trial by Hosseinpour-Niazi S1, Mirmiran P2, Fallah-Ghohroudi A1, Azizi F3.(PubMed)