Herbal Therapy: Cayenne, the Natural Whole Food Medicine for Reduced Risk of Airway Inflammation

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Nominated for shorty award over last 4 years
Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

The use of plants for healing purposes have been predated long before the existence of modern medicine. Herbal plants have formed a fundamental source for conventional medicine in discovery of single ingredient medication, including aspirin (from willow bark), quinine (from cinchona bark), and morphine (from the opium poppy)......
Cayenne is also known as Cayenne Pepper, a red, hot chili pepper, belonging to Capsicum annuum, the family Solanaceae, native to sub-tropical and tropical regions. It has been used in traditional medicine to increases metabolism, enhance circulatory system and stomach and the intestinal tract, adjust blood pressure, lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, treat frostbite, muscles, arthritis, rheumatism, low back pain, strains, sprains, bruises and neuralgia, etc.

The immune system is the set of cells and their activity against antigens or infectious agents that comprises of the body's defense system against diseases, including inflammation.

Cayenne, has been used in tradition medicine for treatment of inflammation caused by invasion of microbial organisms and allergens.

Red pepper (Capsicum baccatum) extracts, according to the study by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), exerted its anti-inflammatory properties through in inhibiting the neutrophil migration induced by carrageenan (Cg).

In animal study, the ethanolic and butanol extracts (200mg/kg, p.o.) presented a significant anti-inflammatory activity through their antioxidant phenolic and flavonoid compounds against oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes, including arway inflammation.

β-Defensin, members of the antimicrobial peptide found in cayenne inhibited the expression of the mRNA of anti-inflammatory cytokine during bacterial invasion, through stimulating immunomodulatory effects.

Other research suggested that anti-inflammatory effect induced by red pepper may be by inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production at the inflammatory sites, such as upper airway.

Regular intake of Cayenne pepper can improve immune system against microbial infection and  reduced risk of airway inflammation but overdose is found to induce toxicity. 

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Sources
(1) Red Pepper (Capsicum baccatum) Extracts Present Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo and Inhibit the Production of TNF-α and NO In Vitro by Allemand A1,2, Leonardi BF1, Zimmer AR1, Moreno S3, Romão PR2, Gosmann G1.(PubMed)
(2) Anti-inflammatory effects of red pepper (Capsicum baccatum) on carrageenan- and antigen-induced inflammation by Spiller F1, Alves MK, Vieira SM, Carvalho TA, Leite CE, Lunardelli A, Poloni JA, Cunha FQ, de Oliveira JR.(PubMed)
(3) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Capsicum baccatum: from traditional use to scientific approach by Zimmer AR1, Leonardi B, Miron D, Schapoval E, Oliveira JR, Gosmann G.(PubMed)
(4) Defensin γ-thionin from Capsicum chinense has immunomodulatory effects on bovine mammary epithelial cells during Staphylococcus aureus internalization by Díaz-Murillo V1, Medina-Estrada I1, López-Meza JE1, Ochoa-Zarzosa A2.(PubMed)