The Research and studies of Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): Osteoporosis - The symptoms

Kyle J. Norton, Master of Nutrients
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)

1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia

                                                                  Osteoporosis


Osteoporosis is defined as a condition of thinning of bone and bone tissues as a result of the loss of bone density over a long period of time. It is a widespread degenerative disease of skeletal joints and often associated with senescence in vertebrates due to excessive or abnormal mechanical loading of weight-bearing joints, arising from heavy long-term use or specific injuries(6).


                           The symptoms


1. Lower back pain, as a result of fractured or collapsed vertebra
People with Osteoporosis are susceptible to lower back pain than those without osteoporosis, according to a cross-sectional study, conducted from October 2002 to March 2003 to gather data from 24,435 adults aged 20 years and older selected randomly from Taiwan’s general population. TheOsteoporosis rate of frequent low back pain in association with osteoporosis in men and women were 5.77 and 3.49 respectively(1).

2. Loss of height over time
Vertebral fracture cause of spinal core damage is associated to significant height loss in patients with osteoporosis, according to a study of 231 men and women over the age of 65 underwent DXA scan of their spine and hip (2).
Osteoporosis patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are found to associate to excessive height loss(3).

3. A stooped posture
Postural deformity of patients with osteoporosis is associated to contributed risk factor for postural instability and falls. Spinal curvature on postural instability in patients with osteoporosis may influence lumbar kyphosis(lower back curvature) in spinal inclination(4).

4. Easy bone fracture
Easy bone fracture may be results of a gradual loss of bone density.
Intravenous infusion of zoledronic acid (5 mg) at 12 months, found that Zoledronic acid treatment was associated with a significantly reduced risk of vertebral fracture(fractures in the spine, hip and wrist), among men with osteoporosis, according to a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of randomly assigned 1199 men with primary or hypogonadism-associated osteoporosis who were 50 to 85 years of age(5).

5. Neck and low back pain
Neck and low back pain, frequent in female are prevalent and highly associated in patients with headache and osteoporosis, according to 1-year prevalence of neck pain and low back pain in the Spanish population(6).

6. Depression
Spine BMD was negative correlations between anxiety, stress, butdepression was found to have a unique significant contribution to the explained variance in right and left hip BMD(7).

7. Other symptoms
Women with osteoporosis re more likely to experience certainpsychosomatic, gastrointestinal and swelling and vasomotor symptoms, especially depressive symptom if compared to women in generally good health(8).
8. Etc.


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References
(a) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7864688
(1) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23052969
(2) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20870048
(3) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22896775
(4) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19343468
(5) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23113482
(6) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21079541

(7) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23095987