The holistic Prevention, Management and Treatment of Dementia induced by Toxins - TCM Herbal Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel)

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar) 
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.


                                 Dementia

Dementia is defined as neuro degeneration syndrome among elder, affecting memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement over 47 millions
of worldwide population, mostly in the West. The evaluation of the syndrome by holistic medicine has been lacking, especially through conventional medicine research and studies.


   TCM Treatment of Dementia Induced by toxins - Shui Fei Zi or Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)

Based on Chinese ancient medical records, causes of dementia are the results of (*)
B.5. Chinese Herbal medicine for toxins elimination
2. Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel)
Xiu Hui Xiang, the acrid and warm herb, is also known as fennel, native to Mediterranean, used in traditional Chinese medicine as anti microbal(1232)(1233), antioxidant(1234)(1235), emmenagogue(1236), estrogenic(1244) and androgenic(1245) agents and to prevent bone loss in postmenopausal osteoporosis(1237)(1238), treat hepatic fibrosis(1239), gastro intestine disorder(1240)(1241), decrease hair thickness(1243) and increase flow of breast milk(1242) by enhancing function of liver, kidney, spleen, stomach channels(1231).

Phytoshemicals
1. Linoleic acid
2. Palmitic acid
3. Arachidic acid
4. Behenic acid
5. Quercetin
6. Phytosteryl b-fructofuranoside
7. 7-hydroxycoumarin
8. 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin
9. Oleanolic acid
10. Sitosterol
11. Fenchone
12. α-pinene
13. Limonene
14. β-Pinene
15. β-Myrcene
16. α-Phellandrene
17. P-Cymol
18. Etc.


Xiu Hui Xiang (Fennel) used in the treatment of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorder, including age-related mental problems of Alzheimer's disease(1246)) in traditional Chinese medicine, may be due to its effectiveness of phytochemicals in acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1246) and anti inflammation(1247) through suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway(1247) involved stress, cell signaling, free radicals, oxidized LDL activities(1248)(1249)(1250)(1251).

2.1. In anxiolytic activity
Anxiety is a condition of neurodisorder of unpleasant state of inner turmoil with fear of the presence and future, according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders American Psychiatric Association, effecting patients with dementia, included familial Alzheimer's disease(1252) and other neuropsychiatric disorders(1254). Fennel, a medical herb used in many cultures, has shown effectively in treating anxiety, epidemiologically. In adult Swiss albino male mice, oral administration 100 and 200 mg/kg doses of fennel essential oil significantly increased percent number of entries and time spent in open arms in elevated plus maze (EPM) test(1255).


2.2. In learning and memory
Fennels, the most widely used herbal plant in the world(1256) used in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy for memoryenhancing(1257). In Alzheimer's disease, induced a decline of cognitive abilities in mice model, fennel extract successfully ameliorated the amnesic effect of scopolamine (0.4 mg/kg) and aging- induced memory deficits in 8 days in dose-depend manner, through increased step-down latency and acetylcholinesterase inhibition(1258).

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References
(1232) Benefit of supplements in functional dyspepsia after treatment of Helicobacter pylori. by Pellicano R1, Ribaldone DG, Saracco GM, Leone N, De Angelis C, Arrigoni A, Morello E, Sapone N, Cisarò F, Astegiano M.(PubMed)
(1233) Antimicrobial activity of plant essential oils against bacterial and fungal species involved in food poisoning and/or food decay. by Lixandru BE1, Drăcea NO, Dragomirescu CC, Drăgulescu EC, Coldea IL, Anton L, Dobre E, Rovinaru C, Codiţă I.(PubMed)
(1234) Antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects of methanolic extract and volatile oil of fennel seeds (Foeniculum vulgare).by Mohamad RH1, El-Bastawesy AM, Abdel-Monem MG, Noor AM, Al-Mehdar HA, Sharawy SM, El-Merzabani MM.(PubMed)
(1235) Assessment of free radical scavenging potential and oxidative DNA damage preventive activity of Trachyspermum ammi L. (carom) and Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) seed extracts. by Goswami N1, Chatterjee S1.(PubMed)
(1236) Medicinal properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy. by Rahimi R1, Ardekani MR.(PubMed)
(1237) Potent inhibitory effect of Foeniculum vulgare Miller extract on osteoclast differentiation and ovariectomy-induced bone loss. by Kim TH1, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Kim SY.(PubMed)
(1238) Effects of Foeniculum vulgare ethanol extract on osteogenesis in human mecenchymal stem cells by Mahmoudi Z1, Soleimani M2, Saidi A1, Khamisipour G3, Azizsoltani A4.(PubMed)
(1239) [Antioxidant effects of the Uygur herb, Foeniculum Vulgare Mill, in a rat model of hepatic fibrosis].[Article in Chinese] by Zhang ZG1, Lu XB, Xiao L, Tang L, Zhang LJ, Zhang T, Zhan XY, Ma XM, Zhang YX.(PubMed)
(1240) Anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects of selected Pakistani medicinal plants in Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells by Zaidi SF1, Muhammad JS, Shahryar S, Usmanghani K, Gilani AH, Jafri W, Sugiyama T.(PubMed)
(1241) Randomized clinical trial of a phytotherapic compound containing Pimpinella anisum, Foeniculum vulgare, Sambucus nigra, and Cassia augustifolia for chronic constipation. by Picon PD1, Picon RV, Costa AF, Sander GB, Amaral KM, Aboy AL, Henriques AT.(PubMed)
(1242) Fennel and anise as estrogenic agents by Albert-Puleo M.(PubMed)
(1243) The effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) gel 3% in decreasing hair thickness in idiopathic mild to moderate hirsutism, A randomized placebo controlled clinical trial by Akha O1, Rabiei K2, Kashi Z1, Bahar A1, Zaeif-Khorasani E1, Kosaryan M3, Saeedi M4, Ebrahimzadeh MA5, Emadian O6.(PubMed)
(1244)
(1245) Antihirsutism activity of Fennel (fruits of Foeniculum vulgare) extract. A double-blind placebo controlled study. by Javidnia K1, Dastgheib L, Mohammadi Samani S, Nasiri A.(PubMed)(1246) Cholinergic basis of memory-strengthening effect of Foeniculum vulgare Linn. by Joshi H1, Parle M(PubMed)
(1247) Suppression of the nuclear factor-kappaB activation pathway by spice-derived phytochemicals: reasoning for seasoning by Aggarwal BB1, Shishodia S.(PubMed)
(1248) Introduction to NF-B: players, pathways, perspectives by T D Gilmore1(Oncogene)
(1249) The NF-κB regulatory network by Allan R. Brasier(Springer link)
(1250) The Rel/NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway: introduction. by Gilmore TD1.(PubMed)
(1251) Integrating cell-signalling pathways with NF-κB and IKK function by Neil D. Perkins(Nature view)

(1252) Early behavioural changes in familial Alzheimer's disease in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network by Ringman JM1, Liang LJ2, Zhou Y3, Vangala S2, Teng E4, Kremen S3, Wharton D3, Goate A5, Marcus DS6, Farlow M7, Ghetti B8, McDade E9, Masters CL10,Mayeux RP11, Rossor M12, Salloway S13, Schofield PR14, Cummings JL15, Buckles V6, Bateman R6, Morris JC6; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network.(PubMed)
(1253) The course of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia: a 3-year longitudinal study. by Brodaty H1, Connors MH2, Xu J2, Woodward M3, Ames D4; PRIME study group.(PubMed)
(1254) Neuropsychiatric symptoms, APOE ε4, and the risk of incident dementia: a population-based study. by Pink A1, Stokin GB1, Bartley MM1, Roberts RO1, Sochor O1, Machulda MM1, Krell-Roesch J1, Knopman DS1, Acosta JI1, Christianson TJ1, Pankratz VS1,Mielke MM1, Petersen RC1, Geda YE2.(PubMed)
(1255) Evaluation of anxiolytic activity of the essential oil of the aerial part of Foeniculum vulgare Miller in mice by Mesfin M, Asres K, Shibeshi W1.(PubMed)
(1256) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: a review of its botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology by Badgujar SB1, Patel VV1, Bandivdekar AH1.(PubMed)
(1257) Medicinal properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy by Rahimi R1, Ardekani MR.(PubMed)