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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.
Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed(1).
Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia
Fibromyalgia, according to the American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia in the newly proposed criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia are 1) widespread pain in combination with 2) tenderness at 11 or more of the 18 specific tender point sites(a) as a result in responding to pressure.
The Treatment
In conventional medicine perspective
FM usually involves females, particular to women entering stage of menopause. But it is often diagnosed both in young as well as elderly individuals. Diagnosis of pediatric FMS is a lengthy and frustrated condition affecting children and adolescents physical and emotional development, as the disease mimicked a spectrum of inflammatory joint disorders such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, etc, according to the study by Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva(193)
A. Non medication
1. Psychological control
According to the study by Monash University and Monash Medical Centre, psychological control may play an important role in manage the emotional aspects and mood, stress, fatigue, and pain in patient with FM(194).
The Systematic review of psychological treatment in patients with FM, with a literature search of studies published between 1990 and 2012 using Medline and PsycINFO in the Ovid and ProQuest platforms and hand searching, indicated a description of the interventions developed by using psychological control and treatment in order to improve FM symptoms(195).
In FM pain control in comparison to other therapies, Dr. Thieme K and Dr. Gracely RH. said, "Relaxation as a single treatment has not been proven useful. Hypnotherapy and writing intervention have demonstrated mild treatment effects, whereas psychological treatment is effective in FM pain"(196).
In conventional medicine perspective
FM usually involves females, particular to women entering stage of menopause. But it is often diagnosed both in young as well as elderly individuals. Diagnosis of pediatric FMS is a lengthy and frustrated condition affecting children and adolescents physical and emotional development, as the disease mimicked a spectrum of inflammatory joint disorders such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), juvenile ankylosing spondylitis, etc, according to the study by Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva(193)
A. Non medication
1. Psychological control
According to the study by Monash University and Monash Medical Centre, psychological control may play an important role in manage the emotional aspects and mood, stress, fatigue, and pain in patient with FM(194).
The Systematic review of psychological treatment in patients with FM, with a literature search of studies published between 1990 and 2012 using Medline and PsycINFO in the Ovid and ProQuest platforms and hand searching, indicated a description of the interventions developed by using psychological control and treatment in order to improve FM symptoms(195).
In FM pain control in comparison to other therapies, Dr. Thieme K and Dr. Gracely RH. said, "Relaxation as a single treatment has not been proven useful. Hypnotherapy and writing intervention have demonstrated mild treatment effects, whereas psychological treatment is effective in FM pain"(196).
A total of Fifteen women and 13 men selected to participate in nine weekly CBT-I sessions, involved completing several self-reported questionnaires at pretreatment, post-treatment, and follow-up conducted by the joint study led by the University of Granada, suggested, psychological treatment expressed the different results in gender related outcomes, with "male group exhibited significant changes at post-treatment in sleep disturbances and pain-related anxiety and catastrophizing. The female group showed post-treatment improvements in sleep latency, general fatigue, and depression, which persisted at follow-up"(197).
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References
(193) Pediatric fibromyalgia by Buskila D1, Ablin J.(PubMed)
(194) Psychological control is a key modulator of fibromyalgia symptoms and comorbidities by Malin K1, Littlejohn GO.(PubMed)
(194) Psychological control is a key modulator of fibromyalgia symptoms and comorbidities by Malin K1, Littlejohn GO.(PubMed)
(195) Systematic review of psychological treatment in fibromyalgia by Lami MJ1, Martínez MP, Sánchez A.(PubMed)
(196) Are psychological treatments effective for fibromyalgia pain? by Thieme K1, Gracely RH.(PubMed)
(197) Gender Differences in Patients with Fibromyalgia Undergoing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Preliminary Data by Lami MJ1, Martínez MP2, Sánchez AI2, Miró E2, Diener FN1, Prados G3, Guzmán MA3.(PubMed)
(196) Are psychological treatments effective for fibromyalgia pain? by Thieme K1, Gracely RH.(PubMed)
(197) Gender Differences in Patients with Fibromyalgia Undergoing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia: Preliminary Data by Lami MJ1, Martínez MP2, Sánchez AI2, Miró E2, Diener FN1, Prados G3, Guzmán MA3.(PubMed)
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