Most Common Disease of elder: The Clinical trials and Studies of Musculo-Skeletal disorders(MSDs) - Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Important supplements

Kyle J. Norton (Scholar, Master of Nutrients, All right reserved)
Health article writer and researcher; Over 10.000 articles and research papers have been written and published on line, including world wide health, ezine articles, article base, healthblogs, selfgrowth, best before it's news, the karate GB daily, etc.,.
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Some articles have been used as references in medical research, such as international journal Pharma and Bio science, ISSN 0975-6299.

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are medical condition mostly caused by work related occupations and working environment, affecting patients’ muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments and nerves and developing over time. A community sample of 73 females and 32 males aged 85 and over underwent a standardised examination at home. Musculoskeletal pain was reported by 57% of those interviewed. A major restriction of joint movement range was frequent in the shoulder but uncommon in other joints(1).

Types of Musculo-Skeletal disorders in elder(2)
1. Osteoarthritis
2. Gout
3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
4. Polymalagia Arthritis
5. Cervical myleopathy and spinal canal stenosis
6. Osteoporosis
7. Low back pain
8. Fibromyalgia


                      Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid Arthritis is defined a chronic disorder as a result of inflammation, affecting mostly the flexible (synovial) joints and tissues and organs in the body. The disease affects more women than men and generally occurs after the ages of 40, causing diminished quality of life of many elders(1). According to CDC, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) affects over 52 millions of adults in the US alone, including 294,000 children under age 18 with some form of arthritis or rheumatic conditions(2). Rheumatoid Arthritis can induced bone loss through elevating bone resorption without increasing bone formation(4). A cross-sectional population-based study of 1042 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that RA patients had an increased risk of death from various causes(4a).


                          The Treatment

B. Treatment in herbal and traditional Chinese medicine

B.4. The Important supplements for rheumatoid arthritis
1. Glucosamine
Glucosamine, a compound of the simple sugar glucose and the amino acid glutamine, is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans(194,289), a major component of joint cartilage(195,290). In a randomized placebo-controlled study of 51 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients: 25 patients in the glucosamine group and 26 patients in the placebo group, Glucosamine hydrochloride at a daily dose of 1,500 mg showed to improve some symptomatic effects on RA(291).
The orally administered combination of a glucosamine-chondroitin-quercetin glucoside (GCQG) supplement also exerted a special effect on improving the synovial fluid properties in OA patients, according to the Matsuno Clinic for Rheumatic Diseases(292). Furthermore, a novel glucosamine analogue also showed to inhibit the development of RA through exerting antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects(293).

2. Omega 3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids found abundantly in cold water fish, algae and seeds and nuts of plant has shown to exhibit the prevention of different pathologies, such as cardiovascular, psychiatric, neurological, dermatological and rheumatological disorders(297), including RA. Dr. Shafaghat A said," The hexane extract from the flower, leaf, stem, and seed contained 39.1%, 43.2%, 29.0%, and 37.6% of omega-3 fatty acids, ... possess considerable antioxidant activity(298) of that may be helpful in attenuate the oxidative stress in induction of RA.

Dr. Jeromson S. and the research team at the University of Stirling suggested that Omega 3 fatty acid also plays an essential role in Skeletal Muscle Health(299) in inhibition of pro inflammatory cytokines(300) which has a direct influence to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis.

In Rheumatoid Arthritis, omega-3 fatty acid supplementation improved physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, grip strength, morning stiffness,....in comparison to the effectiveness of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in patient of rheumatoid arthritis(301).

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You Can Eliminate Osteoarthritis
By addressing the Underlying Causes through Clinical Trials and Studies

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References

(1) 8 Areas of Age-Related Change(NIH)
(2) Arthritis-Related Statistics(CDC)
(3) Valgus deformities of the feet and characteristics of gait in patients who have rheumatoid arthritis by Keenan MA1, Peabody TD, Gronley JK, Perry J.(PubMed)
(4) Serum Sclerostin Level Among Egyptian Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Relation to Disease Activity ,Bone Mineral Density and Radiological Grading by Mehaney DA, Eissa M, Anwar S, El-Din SF(PubMed)
(4a) Death rates and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a population-based study by Sihvonen S1, Korpela M, Laippala P, Mustonen J, Pasternack A(PubMed)

(289)

(290)

(291) Effects of glucosamine administration on patients with rheumatoid arthritis by Nakamura H1, Masuko K, Yudoh K, Kato T, Kamada T, Kawahara T.(PubMed)

(292) Effects of an oral administration of glucosamine-chondroitin-quercetin glucoside on the synovial fluid properties in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by Matsuno H1, Nakamura H, Katayama K, Hayashi S, Kano S, Yudoh K, Kiso Y.(PubMed)

(293) The anti-arthritic and immune-modulatory effects of NHAG: a novel glucosamine analogue in adjuvant-inducedarthritis by Shah SU1, Jawed H, Awan SI, Anjum S, Simjee SU.(PubMed)

(294)

(295) Effect of avocado/soybean unsaponifiables on ligature-induced bone loss and bone repair after ligature removal in rats by Oliveira GJ1, Paula LG1, Souza JA1, Spin-Neto R2, Stavropoulos A3, Marcantonio RA1.(PubMed)

(296) Selected CAM therapies for arthritis-related pain: the evidence from systematic reviews by Soeken KL1.(PubMed)

(297) Omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants in neurological and psychiatric diseases: an overview. by Mazza M1, Pomponi M, Janiri L, Bria P, Mazza S.(PubMed)

(298) Antioxidant, antimicrobial activities and fatty acid components of flower, leaf, stem and seed of Hypericum scabrum by Shafaghat A1(PubMed)

(299) Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Skeletal Muscle Health by Jeromson S1, Gallagher IJ2, Galloway SD3, Hamilton DL4(PubMed)

(300) [Effects of lymphatic drainage and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats].[Article in Chinese] by Zhou KG1, He GZ, Zhang R, Chen XF(PubMed)

(301) Role of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation with indomethacin in suppression of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis by Das Gupta AB1, Hossain AK, Islam MH, Dey SR, Khan AL.(PubMed)