Kyle J. Norton
The widespread of prostate cancer, once considered a disease of aging
male, now have become major concerns of governments and scientific
community in South East Asian with tendency to effect even younger age
population. Suggestions emerged of over consuming bad fats in any time
in history accompanied with unhealthy diet and life style may be the
possible causes of the disease, linking to the economic prosperity over 2
decades. Foods for diseases' management have been prescribed in folk
medicine over thousands of year as one of best medicine of nature in
preventing and treating diseases, including prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of
prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth with
possibility of spreading to the distant parts of the body. Most
prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate
cancer may be detected during physical (rectum) exams.
The top 8 foods for reducing prostate cancer risk
1. Flaxseed
Flax seed is native to the region
of the eastern Mediterranean to India and also known as common flax or
linseed. Flax is an erect annual plant, it can grow to 1.2 m tall. The
leaves are 20–40 mm long and 3 mm broad.
Enterolactone and enterodiol, mammalian lignans derived from dietary flaxseed may obstruct or delay the progressed prostate cancer
cell proliferation via vascular endothelial growth
factor(VEGF)-associated pathways(76). Other study indicated that diet
supplemented with 5% flaxseed inhibits the growth and development of prostate cancer in the TRAMP model(77) and Flaxseed-supplemented
diet showed to lower prostate cancer proliferation rates and associated
with biological alterations that may be protective for prostate cancer(78).
2. Vegetable oil
Vegetables oil is a triglyceride extracted from a plant.
Increased levels of MUFA-rich vegetable oil((including olive oil, canola or peanut oil)) intake were associated with a progressive reduction in prostate cancer risk(79). Hydrogenated soybean oil (SHSO) showed remarkably strong anticarcinogenic activity against prostate cancer in the rat model and 5% dietary supplementation with SHSO inhibited the growth of prostate cancer by 80% in vivo(80).
3. Honey
The rich golden liquid is the
miraculous product made by bees using nectar from flowers. It is
considered as one of healthy sweet food for replacing the use of white
sugar and artificial sweetener by many people.
Chrysin, a natural flavone commonly found in honey, and honey itself showed to exert its antiproliferative effect on PC-3 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner(81)
4. Chickpea
Garbanzo beans also known as chickpea is an edible legume of genus Cicer
and the family Fabaceae, high in protein and minerals. It is one of the
earliest cultivated vegetables, native to Middle East.
7 protease inhibitor concentrates (PICs) isolated from chickpea showed a significant inhibition the LNCaP prostate cancer cells in concentrations tested of 25-400 μg/ml(82).
5. Olive oil
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), was found
to significantly affect the growth of HCT 116 tumours xenografted in
athymic mice(83). Polyphenols, found in Extra virgin olive oil
(EVOO), exerted chemopreventive effects towards different organ
specific cancers,
affecting the overall process of carcinogenesis by
inhibition of DNA synthesis, modulation of ROS production, regulation of
cell cycle arrest, modulation of survival/proliferation pathways(84).
Other study suggested that Polyphenols can directly interact with
specific steps and/or proteins
regulating the apoptotic process in different ways depending on their
concentration, the cell system, the type or stage of the pathological
process(85).
6. Black pepper
Black pepper, is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, its fruits used as a spice and
seasoning
Piperine, a major alkaloid constituent of black pepper, inhibited the proliferation of LNCaP, PC-3, 22RV1 and DU-145 prostate cancer
cells in a dose dependent manner and induced apoptosis resulted in
caspase activation in LNCaP and PC-3 cells(86). β-caryophyllene oxide
(CPO), a sesquiterpene isolated from essential oils of medicinal plants
such as
guava (Psidium guajava), oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), cinnamon
(Cinnamomum spp.) clove (Eugenia caryophyllata), and black pepper
(Piper nigrum L.) not only inhibited the constitutive activation of
PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6K1 (anti-apoptosis and increased cell proliferation and
nutrient–hormonal signaling network) pathway
signaling cascade but also down-regulated the expression of various
downstream gene products
that mediate cell proliferation (cyclin D1), survival (bcl-2, bcl-xL,
survivin, IAP-1, and IAP-2), metastasis (COX-2), angiogenesis (VEGF),
and increased the expression of p53 and p21(87).
7. Green tea
Green
tea containing more amount of antioxidants than any drinks or food with
the same volume, is the leaves of Camellia sinensis, undergone
minimal oxidation during processing, originated from China. Green tea
has been a precious drink in traditional Chinese culture and used
exceptional in socialization for more than 4000 thousand years. Because
of their health benefits, they have been cultivated for commercial
purposes all over the world.
Green tea
catechins (GTCs), a potent chemical constituent
containing (-)-epigallocathechin, (-)-epicatechin,
(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, (-)-epicatechin-3-gallate, in treatment
of preprostate cancer men reduced lower urinary tract symptoms, improved
coexistent benign prostate hyperplasia and reached a statistical significance in the case of International Prostate Symptom Scores(88).
In green tea
polyphenols study, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) exerted its anti
cancer effect on signaling pathways in PCa(89). Also combination
admiration of quercetin and green tea,
showed a significant increase in the inhibition of proliferation,
androgen receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signaling(tumor
genesis in early stage), and stimulation of apoptosis(90). In short,
Green tea, a potent anti prostate cancer with activities of heritable
alterations of gene expression and chromatin organization without
changes in DNA sequence induced multistep process of carcinogenesis(91)
may be considered as a natural treatment in vary types of cancer.
8. Fermented soybean products
Fermented soybean products are made from fermenting soybeans and filamentous fungus, along with water and salt after a period of sometime.
In the Japan, incidence
of prostate caner in aging men are low compared with the Western
world, suggestion of these result may be tradition Japanese diet
related. Consumption of fish, all soybean products, tofu (bean curds), and natto (fermented soybeans)
was associated with decreased risk of ORs (Estimates of age-adjusted
odds ratios) which supported traditional Japanese diet rich in soybean products and fish against prostate cancer(92). In China, suggestion of reduced risk of prostate cancer
associated with consumption of soy foods and isoflavones found
abundantly in fermented soybean products(93). Unfortunately, the
epidemiological data, linking ferment soybean products to reduced risk
of prostate cancer are inconsistent including miso.
The prevalence and widespread of prostate cancer may be diet,
demographic and life style related disease(94)(95)(96). Suggestions and
intentions are for prevention of prostate cancer to develop in the first
place or used conjunction with conventional medicine in treating the
disease. Eating healthy, with plenty of vegetables and fruits has always
been considered as a preventive engagement in human history. "Let foods
be your medicine and let medicine be your foods" by Greek physician
Hippocrates (460-377 BC).
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References
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